本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黃土層 深孔松動(dòng)爆破 螺旋鉆 數(shù)值模擬 建井技術(shù)　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)西部地區(qū)覆蓋有深度達(dá)到200 m~300 m厚的第四系特厚黃土層,且深部是含有鈣質(zhì)膠結(jié)物的中更新統(tǒng)老黃土及古土壤,土質(zhì)特別堅(jiān)硬。黃土層通常具有濕陷性、弱膨脹性,遇水易引起黃土層膠接結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,產(chǎn)生較大的塑性變形。在黃土層爆破打眼易出現(xiàn)塌孔、偏斜及排渣困難等技術(shù)難題;爆破對(duì)井壁圍巖的人為擾動(dòng)大,爆破參數(shù)不易確定。同時(shí),普通法施工面臨黃土特殊結(jié)構(gòu)引起的塌幫、深部高塑性變形等技術(shù)問(wèn)題。論文以邵寨煤礦回風(fēng)立井施工條件為背景,基于立井普通法施工工藝,采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,并結(jié)合工程實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的方法對(duì)特厚堅(jiān)硬黃土層復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件下立井掘進(jìn)施工技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究。論文基于立井井壁圍巖穩(wěn)定性理論,分析了立井圍巖應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律,預(yù)測(cè)了黃土層安全合理的井壁厚度及井筒圍巖位移。采用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算,分析了不同掘進(jìn)段高及支護(hù)厚度對(duì)井壁圍巖穩(wěn)定性影響,得出了合理的掘進(jìn)段高及支護(hù)厚度。論文基于螺旋鉆進(jìn)的原理及優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出了傘鉆配特制螺旋鉆桿干式打眼技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了在黃土層中快速高效打深眼的目的,并給出了螺旋鉆桿參數(shù)計(jì)算方法及參數(shù);基于松動(dòng)爆破技術(shù),理論計(jì)算并優(yōu)化了深孔松動(dòng)爆破參數(shù),降低了爆破對(duì)井壁圍巖的人為擾動(dòng)。研究成果在邵寨煤礦得到成功應(yīng)用,采用傘鉆配特制螺旋鉆干式打眼技術(shù)、深孔松動(dòng)爆破技術(shù)及普通法施工工藝,實(shí)現(xiàn)了其第四系294 m特厚堅(jiān)硬黃土層的立井井筒安全、高效、快速施工,其中0~-100 m段成井速度82 m/月,-100 m~-294 m段成井速度80 m/月。本技術(shù)的成功應(yīng)用,取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)效益,為大面積黃土層覆蓋地區(qū)的井筒掘砌施工提供了可靠的理論依據(jù),促進(jìn)了黃土層立井掘砌施工技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the western part of China, there is an extra thick Quaternary loess layer with a depth of 200 m to 300 m thick, and the deep part is the middle Pleistocene old loess and paleosols with calcareous cementation. The soil is very hard. The loess is usually collapsible and weakly dilated. When the water is encountered, the glued structure of the loess layer will be destroyed, resulting in a large plastic deformation. The hole collapse, the deflection and the difficulty of discharging the slag are easy to appear in the blasting of the loess soil, and the blasting has a great disturbance to the surrounding rock of the shaft wall. The blasting parameters are not easy to be determined. At the same time, the common method construction is faced with the technical problems such as collapsing side caused by special loess structure, deep high plastic deformation and other technical problems. This paper takes the construction condition of Shaozhai coal mine return air shaft as the background, based on the construction technology of common vertical shaft method. The construction technology of shaft excavation under complex geological conditions in thick and hard loess soil is studied by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering experience. The paper is based on the stability theory of wall rock of shaft wall. The stress distribution law of surrounding rock in vertical shaft is analyzed, the safe and reasonable wall thickness of loess layer and the displacement of surrounding rock of shaft are predicted. By using FLAC3D numerical simulation calculation, the influence of different tunneling section height and supporting thickness on the stability of wall rock is analyzed. Based on the principle and advantages of spiral drilling, the paper puts forward the dry-hole drilling technology with special screw drill pipe, which realizes the purpose of drilling deep hole quickly and efficiently in the loess soil. Based on the loose blasting technology, the parameters of deep hole loosening blasting are calculated and optimized theoretically, and the artificial disturbance of blasting to wall rock is reduced. The research results have been successfully applied in Shaozhai Coal Mine. The vertical shaft of its Quaternary system of 294m thick and hard loess has been constructed safely, efficiently and quickly by adopting the dry drilling technology of the special spiral drill, the deep hole loosening blasting technology and the common construction technology. Among them, 82m / month 82m / month and 100m / month -294m formation velocity of 0 ~ 100m section is 82m/ month. The successful application of this technology has obtained good economic and social benefits, and has provided a reliable theoretical basis for wellbore excavation and construction in a large area of loess cover area. It promotes the progress and development of shaft excavation and masonry construction technology in loess layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD262.1

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