【摘要】：植物物種多樣性與基因型多樣性對(duì)群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能具有重要的生態(tài)作用,近年來(lái)植物基因型多樣性對(duì)植物間相互作用的影響已成為研究者關(guān)心的重要科學(xué)問(wèn)題。實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇退化草原優(yōu)勢(shì)種冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)為目標(biāo)植物,穩(wěn)定群落建群種羊草(Leymus chinensis)和群落伴生種洽草(Koeleria cristata)為鄰居植物,來(lái)研究基因型多樣性不同的鄰居植物對(duì)冷蒿生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)(株高、地上生物量、地下生物量和總生物量)的影響,并通過(guò)測(cè)量植物相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)度及鄰居植物性狀變異來(lái)進(jìn)一步探究鄰居植物基因型多樣性對(duì)目標(biāo)植物影響的內(nèi)在機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:(1)鄰居物種為羊草時(shí),基因型多樣性對(duì)冷蒿的生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)影響顯著,當(dāng)鄰居為6基因型時(shí),冷蒿的株高、地上生物量以及總生物量顯著低于單基因型和3基因型時(shí)的表現(xiàn)(P0.05),且相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)度高于其他兩種處理;而鄰居物種為洽草時(shí),基因型多樣性對(duì)冷蒿所有觀測(cè)指標(biāo)以及相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)度的影響均不顯著(P0.05)。(2)利用主成分分析法來(lái)分析基因型多樣性對(duì)自身性狀變異的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),鄰居物種為羊草時(shí),基因型多樣性對(duì)性狀變異響應(yīng)顯著,主要表現(xiàn)為3基因型時(shí),羊草種群的株高、總生物量、地上生物量顯著高于單基因型時(shí)的表現(xiàn)(P0.05);而鄰居物種為洽草時(shí),基因型多樣性對(duì)性狀變異影響不顯著(P0.05)。(3)鄰居物種為羊草時(shí),羊草總生物量和比葉面積與冷蒿的地上生物量和總生物量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05);鄰居物種為洽草時(shí),洽草各性狀與冷蒿性狀間無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果揭示,基因型多樣性對(duì)目標(biāo)植物生長(zhǎng)的效應(yīng)受鄰居植物種類的影響,穩(wěn)定群落建群種羊草高基因型組合能顯著抑制冷蒿的生長(zhǎng),這可能與羊草高基因型多樣性種群性狀變異大且對(duì)冷蒿有較高的相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。所得結(jié)果為建群種基因型多樣性影響種間相互作用提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù),為草原的合理利用和保護(hù)提供了理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Plant species diversity and genotypic diversity play an important ecological role in community structure and function. In recent years, the influence of plant genotypic diversity on plant interaction has become an important scientific issue concerned by researchers. The dominant species of Artemisia frigida (Artemisia frigida) was selected as the target plant, the stable community (Leymus chinensis) and the associated species (Koeleria cristata) were selected as neighbor plants. To study the effects of neighbor plants with different genotypes on the growth performance (plant height, aboveground biomass, underground biomass and total biomass) of Artemisia frigida. By measuring the relative competition intensity of plants and the variation of neighbor plant traits, the internal mechanism of the influence of neighbor plant genotypic diversity on target plants was further explored. The results showed that: (1) when the neighbor species was Leymus chinensis, genotypic diversity had a significant effect on the growth performance of Artemisia frigida. The aboveground biomass and total biomass were significantly lower than those of single genotype and 3 genotype (P0.05), and the relative competitive intensity was higher than that of the other two treatments. And when the neighbor species is talking about grass, The effect of genotypic diversity on all observed indexes and relative competition intensity of Artemisia frigida was not significant (P0.05). (2). The effect of genotype diversity on variation of its own traits was analyzed by principal component analysis (P05). When the neighbor species was Leymus chinensis, the genotypic diversity was significantly responsive to the variation of traits. The plant height, total biomass and aboveground biomass of the population of Leymus chinensis were significantly higher than those of the single genotype (P0.05). However, when neighbor species were consistent with grass, genotype diversity had no significant effect on trait variation (P0.05). (3) when neighbor species was Leymus chinensis. The total biomass and specific leaf area of Artemisia chinensis were negatively correlated with the aboveground biomass and total biomass of Artemisia frigida (P0.05). There was no significant correlation between the characters of Artemisia officinalis and the characters of Artemisia frigida when the neighbor species was consistent (P0.05). The results showed that the effect of genotypic diversity on target plant growth was affected by neighbor plant species, and the high genotype combination of stable community could significantly inhibit the growth of Artemisia frigida. This may be related to the high genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis and the high relative competitive intensity of Artemisia chrysanthemi. The results provided experimental evidence for the influence of genotypic diversity on interspecific interactions and provided theoretical guidance for the rational utilization and protection of grassland.
【作者單位】： 南開大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31570427)
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

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