發(fā)布時間：2018-07-12 14:12

  本文選題：水稻 + 花時提前�。� 參考：《四川農業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻作為世界上最為重要的作物之一,其發(fā)展狀況與糧食安全密切相關。雜交水稻的大面積推廣對我國乃至世界農業(yè)生產做出了巨大貢獻,但生產成本一般高于常規(guī)稻,特別是農民的購種費用逐年升高。提高單位面積繁殖制種產量是有效降低雜交稻種子生產成本的關鍵,而在諸多影響繁殖制種產量的因素中,母本開花習性、父母本花時相遇是一個重要影響因素。因此通過尋找到能夠調控水稻一天中開花時間的基因對于提高水稻異交結實率具有重要意義；此外,隨著全球氣候變暖,高溫天氣對水稻產量將產生巨大影響,尋找控制水稻一天當中開花時間的基因,選育水稻花時提前新品種以避開午間高溫危害,從而達到提高結實率的目的。因此,我們通過EMS誘變秈稻品種宜香1B,從M2代中篩選到了一份開花時間顯著提前的突變體(emf1)。本研究對該突變體進行了突變性狀鑒定,遺傳分析,基因定位相關工作,為克隆花時提前基因奠定了堅實的基礎,主要研究結果如下：1.突變體表型與農藝性狀分析在相同的田間生長條件下,與野生型相比,突變體除了分蘗數(shù)有所減少外,其最明顯的差異在于每天開穎散粉時間提前了約1-1.5h。田間調查顯示,野生型與突變體開花習性因當天氣溫而異,野生型花時分散,開花歷時較長,低溫下常出現(xiàn)部分不開穎現(xiàn)象,而突變體花時集中,開花歷時短,較低溫度下也能正常開花。2.漿片結構及生理特征分析形態(tài)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),突變體小花開穎前3h與開穎中的漿片均分別大于野生型小花的漿片,同時突變體漿片吸水膨脹速率快于野生型漿片。0.3%12-KI溶液對漿片染色,在開穎前突變體和野生型漿片中觀察到較多的藍色顆粒,開穎中突變體和野生型漿片中藍色顆粒較少,無論開穎前與開穎中,突變體漿片中藍色顆粒都多于野生型。測定漿片中可溶性糖含量發(fā)現(xiàn),突變體和野生型開穎前后漿片中可溶性糖含量均有所增加,但開穎前與開穎中突變體漿片中可溶性糖含量均高于野生型漿片中可溶性糖含量,表明突變體在開花過程中漿片中較多的可溶性含量能夠為水稻小花提供更多的能量促進水稻的開穎,使其開花時間提前。3.突變體的遺傳分析emfl突變體與其對應野生型宜香1B雜交,獲得的F1表現(xiàn)為正常的野生型花時性狀,說明該性狀為隱性遺傳。F2群體的正�；〞r與早花時植株的分離比接近3：1,說明該花時提前性狀受1對等位隱性基因控制。4.基因定位結果以emfl/02428的F2分離群體作為初定位群體,首先利用實驗室已有的520多對SSR和Indel分子標記,將突變基因初步定位為1號染色體的標記1-8和osl-107.6之間。進一步利用256個隱性單株將基因定位到一號染色體長臂的158kb的區(qū)間內,在該染色體區(qū)域內,尚未有關于花時提前基因的定位或克隆,故推測本研究定位的基因為一個花時提前相關的新基因,暫時命名為emfl。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important crops in the world, rice development is closely related to food security. The extensive popularization of hybrid rice has made a great contribution to agricultural production in China and the world, but the production cost is generally higher than that of conventional rice, especially the cost of seed purchase by farmers increases year by year. Increasing seed production per unit area is the key to effectively reduce the cost of seed production of hybrid rice. Among the factors that affect the yield of hybrid rice, the flowering habit of female parent and the meeting of parents are important factors. Therefore, it is important to find genes that can regulate the flowering time of rice during the day to increase the rate of cross-breeding. In addition, as the global climate warms, the high temperature weather will have a great impact on rice yield. To search for genes to control the flowering time of rice in a day and to select new varieties in advance of anthesis in order to avoid the harm of midday high temperature so as to increase the seed setting rate. Therefore, a mutant (emf1) with significantly earlier flowering time was screened from M2 generation by EMS mutagenesis of indica rice variety Yixiang 1B. In this study, the mutant was identified, genetic analysis and gene mapping related work, which laid a solid foundation for the cloning of genes in advance of flowering. The main results are as follows: 1. Analysis of mutants and agronomic characters under the same field growth conditions and wild type, the most obvious difference was that the opening and dispersing time of the mutants was about 1-1.5 hours earlier than that of the wild type in addition to the number of tillers. Field investigation showed that the flowering habits of wild type and mutant varied with the temperature of the day, the flowering time of wild type was dispersed, the flowering duration was longer, and some of them did not open glume at low temperature, while the mutant had concentrated flowering time and short flowering duration. Normal flowering. 2. 2. The morphological analysis of pulp structure and physiological characteristics showed that the size of the mutant was higher than that of wild-type floret 3 h before floret opening, and the water swelling rate of the mutant was faster than that of wild-type pulp. More blue granules were observed in the protuberance variant and wild type plasmas, but there were fewer blue granules in the open mutant and wild type, both before opening and in the open glume, the blue particles in the mutant were more than that in the wild type. It was found that the soluble sugar content of mutant and wild type was increased before and after opening, but the content of soluble sugar before and after opening was higher than that in wild type. The results showed that the soluble content of the mutant during flowering could provide more energy for rice floret to promote the opening of rice glume and advance the flowering time by 3. 3%. Genetic Analysis of the emfl Mutant and its corresponding Wild Type Yixiang 1B, F1 obtained showed normal wild-type anthesis traits. The segregation ratio of normal and early flowering plants was close to 3: 1, which indicated that the early anthesis trait was controlled by a pair of allelic recessive genes. The result of gene mapping was based on the F2 segregated population of emfl/02428. Firstly, the mutation gene was preliminarily located between marker 1-8 and osl-107.6 on chromosome 1 by using more than 520 pairs of SSR and Indel molecular markers. Furthermore, 256 recessive individual plants were used to locate the gene in the region of 158kb with a long arm of chromosome 1, in which there was no mapping or cloning of the gene in advance of flowering. Therefore, we speculated that the gene located in this study was a new gene related to anthesis in advance, and was tentatively named emflon.
【學位授予單位】：四川農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S511;Q943.2

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