本文選題：黃菠蘿 + 基因資源�。� 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃菠蘿(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)是黑龍江省三大硬闊葉樹(shù)種之一,由于其具有藥用和木材雙重價(jià)值而被大量砍伐,導(dǎo)致資源量銳減,現(xiàn)已被列為國(guó)家一級(jí)珍貴樹(shù)種、國(guó)家2級(jí)保護(hù)樹(shù)種和易危物種,在黑龍江省主要分布于小興安嶺以南的山區(qū)。黃菠、蘿生長(zhǎng)緩慢,成材年限長(zhǎng),因此資源恢復(fù)難度極大。本研究就是通過(guò)調(diào)查與收集黃菠蘿種質(zhì)資源,開(kāi)展黃菠蘿快繁技術(shù)研究,建立黃菠蘿種源、家系基因收集區(qū),為黃菠蘿的遺傳改良與種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),對(duì)提高我國(guó)黃菠蘿育種的效率,促進(jìn)黃菠蘿育種的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重要意義。1、黃菠蘿種質(zhì)資源收集及優(yōu)良種源、家系選擇研究開(kāi)展了黃菠蘿優(yōu)樹(shù)的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究,黃菠蘿優(yōu)樹(shù)的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為樹(shù)冠勻稱(chēng),側(cè)枝較細(xì),冠幅較窄,頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)強(qiáng),自然整枝較好；無(wú)病蟲(chóng)害,無(wú)機(jī)械損傷,無(wú)大的死節(jié)和枯梢,無(wú)分權(quán)現(xiàn)象；能正常結(jié)實(shí),生長(zhǎng)迅速,形體高大。數(shù)量指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為優(yōu)樹(shù)平均樹(shù)高或胸徑高于林分平均樹(shù)高或胸徑的1/2倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差。針對(duì)四個(gè)種源的種子開(kāi)展了種子性狀變異研究,研究結(jié)果為：不同黃菠蘿種源種子長(zhǎng)度、種子長(zhǎng)寬比差異顯著,均存在變異,種子寬度無(wú)顯著差異；黃菠蘿不同種源種子質(zhì)量存在極顯著變異,林口種源種子千粒質(zhì)量最大,哈爾濱種源種子千粒質(zhì)量最小。開(kāi)展了實(shí)生苗繁育1、2年生苗期生長(zhǎng)變異研究,結(jié)果表明：黑龍江省黃菠蘿采種最佳時(shí)期為9月15日-25日；種子處理采用雪藏處理；黃菠蘿育苗中的播種量在壟作或床作時(shí),播種系數(shù)為4.0；黃菠蘿的育苗密度為,在壟作中以60～70株/m為優(yōu),而床作中以80～90株/m2為優(yōu)；定向培育用苗應(yīng)選擇S2.0型Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(jí)苗木。黃菠蘿不同種源子代1年生播種苗的高生長(zhǎng)、地徑生長(zhǎng)均無(wú)明顯差異,雙鴨山種源子代地徑生長(zhǎng)相對(duì)較好；黃菠蘿不同種源子代2年生播種苗的高生長(zhǎng)差異顯著,地徑生長(zhǎng)無(wú)明顯差異。興隆、哈爾濱、雙鴨山種源子代苗高、地徑生長(zhǎng)相對(duì)較好,林6、林7、林8、興1、興2家系子代苗期生長(zhǎng)較為突出,可以作為優(yōu)良的遺傳資源加以保護(hù)和利用。另外,開(kāi)展了10年生黃菠蘿種源、家系變異及選擇研究,結(jié)果表明：黃菠蘿10年生三個(gè)種源試驗(yàn)林均生長(zhǎng)良好,不同種源間生長(zhǎng)差異顯著,林口種源生長(zhǎng)較好。三個(gè)種源內(nèi)存在豐富的變異,樹(shù)高、胸徑變異最大的均為帶嶺種源；17個(gè)黃菠蘿家系苗高、胸徑差異顯著,苗高、胸徑前5名家系均為林口種源,與當(dāng)?shù)胤N源有關(guān)。2、黃菠蘿無(wú)性快繁技術(shù)研究開(kāi)展了黃菠蘿組培、嫁接、扦插等無(wú)性繁殖技術(shù)研究,結(jié)果表明：取材部位不同芽的誘導(dǎo)頻率也不相同,胚軸最容易誘導(dǎo),其次是莖尖和子葉,莖段和葉片較難誘導(dǎo)；黃菠蘿嫁接最佳的方法是劈接,嫁接的最佳時(shí)間是4月下旬至5月上旬,嫁接的砧木高度為6～8cm為宜；黃菠蘿嫩枝扦插采條時(shí)間以7月下旬為宜,最適宜采用蛭石為栽培基質(zhì),試驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi)IBA500ppm、NAA各濃度對(duì)黃菠蘿生根有較好的促進(jìn)作用。3、 黃菠蘿基因評(píng)比保存林營(yíng)建技術(shù)研究開(kāi)展了黃菠蘿基因評(píng)比保存林營(yíng)建技術(shù)研究,研究結(jié)果為：基因評(píng)比保存林營(yíng)建要考慮地點(diǎn)、立地條件,確定合理的密度,植苗方法、撫育措施。營(yíng)建基因評(píng)比保存林2處,面積2.6公頃。
[Abstract]:Yellow pineapple (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) is one of the three hard broadleaved tree species in Heilongjiang province. Because of its double value of medicinal and wood, it has been deforestation, which has led to a sharp decline in the amount of resources. It has been listed as a national first class precious tree species, the national 2 class protected species and the vulnerable species. In Heilongjiang Province, it is mainly distributed in the south of the small Xingan ridge. In this study, the rapid propagation of yellow pineapple germplasm resources, the study of yellow pineapple rapid propagation technology, the establishment of the source of yellow pineapple and the family gene collection area, has laid a solid foundation for the genetic improvement and Germplasm Innovation of yellow pineapple, and the improvement of yellow pineapple in China. Breeding efficiency, promoting the sustainable development of yellow pineapple breeding has important significance.1, yellow pineapple germplasm resources collection and excellent provenance, family selection study carried out the selection standard of yellow pineapple superior tree. The selection criteria for the top tree of yellow pineapple are uniform crown, narrow side branch, narrow crown width, strong top advantage, good natural branching, no diseases and insects. No damage, no mechanical damage, no large dead and shoot, no decentralization; it can be normal and grow rapidly, and the shape is tall. The standard of the number index is the average tree height or the diameter of the chest is higher than the average tree height of the stand or the 1/2 times of the breast diameter. The seed character variation of the seeds of the four species is studied. The results are the different yellow pineapple The seed length, the seed length width ratio difference was significant, the seed width had no significant difference, the seed quality of different provenances of yellow pineapple had the very significant variation, the thousand seed quality was the largest, and the 1000 seeds of Harbin provenance were the least. The study on the growth and variation of the seedling growth of the Harbin seedlings was carried out. The results showed that: The best harvest time of yellow pineapple harvest in Heilongjiang province is September 15th -25 day, and the seed treatment is treated with snow. The seeding coefficient is 4 when the seeding amount is in ridge or bed. The seedling density of yellow pineapple is 60~70 in the ridge culture and 80~90 /m2 in the bed. The S2.0 type should be selected for the directional cultivation. The height growth of 1 year sowing seedlings of different source progeny of yellow pineapple and pineapple is not obviously different, the growth of the ground diameter of the seed generation in Shuangyashan is relatively good, and the height growth difference of the 2 year sowing seed seedlings of different source progeny of yellow pineapple is remarkable, and the growth of the ground diameter is not obviously different. The height of the seed generation of Harbin and Shuangyashan is high and the ground diameter is high. The growth of forest 6, forest 7, forest 8, Xing 1 and Xing 2 are more prominent, which can be used as excellent genetic resources for protection and utilization. In addition, the 10 year old pineapple seed source, family variation and selection study have been carried out. The results show that the three species source test forests of the 10 year old yellow pineapple trees grow well and the growth differences among different provenances are different. Obviously, the growth of the provenance of the forest is good. The three sources are in the rich variation, the height of the tree and the largest variation in the diameter of the DBH are the provenances of the mountain; the 17 pedigree of the yellow pineapple family is high, the DBH difference is significant and the seedling height is high. The 5 families of the first families of the DBH are all the origin of the tree, and the.2 is related to the local provenance, and the study of the Huang Bo pineapple rapid propagation technology has carried out the tissue culture and grafting of the pineapple. The results showed that the induction frequency of different shoots was different, the hypocotyl was the most easy to induce, followed by the stem tip and cotyledon, and the stem segments and leaves were difficult to induce. The best method for grafting of yellow pineapple was from late April to early May, and the height of the grafted rootstock was 6 ~ 8cm. It is appropriate that the cuttage time of young pineapple twig cuttings is suitable for the late July, the best use of vermiculite as the cultivation matrix, IBA500ppm and NAA concentration in the test range have a good promoting effect on the rooting of pineapple (pineapple).3. To evaluate the site, site conditions, reasonable density, planting method, and nurture measures, the gene evaluation of conservation forest camps should be built, and the construction gene is compared to 2 preservation forests, with an area of 2.6 hectares.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S792.31

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