本文選題：黃瓜　切入點：gl基因　出處：《山東農業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃瓜(Cucumis sativus L.,2n=2x=14)栽培歷史悠久,種植廣泛,是世界性蔬菜作物之一,在人們日常蔬菜消費中占有舉足輕重的地位。近年來黃瓜種植面積不斷擴大,蚜蟲是危害黃瓜的主要生物類群,嚴重降低黃瓜的品質和產量。使用化學物質防治蚜蟲的方法污染環(huán)境,易造成蚜蟲抗藥性增強,抗性背景變復雜,毒殺蚜蟲天敵,破壞生態(tài)平衡。無毛黃瓜突變體(glgl)具有抗蚜特性,有重要的利用價值,為加深對黃瓜無毛性狀的研究,并初步探究控制黃瓜無毛性狀的gl基因與其抗蚜的關系,本研究采用染色體倍性操作技術創(chuàng)制了與gl基因有關的不同倍性材料,并對不同材料進行抗蚜性鑒定,對其接種蚜蟲前后營養(yǎng)物質和次生代謝物質含量及其相關酶活性變化規(guī)律進行動態(tài)分析。主要研究結果如下:1.利用不同濃度(0.2%,0.4%,0.8%)秋水仙堿和2%二甲基亞砜(DMSO)混合溶液浸漬無毛黃瓜(glgl)和普通有毛黃瓜(GlGl)萌動種子4.5 h(20℃),發(fā)現(xiàn)0.4%秋水仙堿與2%DMSO混合溶液獲得對應同源四倍體的效果最好,在此濃度下,無毛黃瓜誘導率為14%,有毛黃瓜誘導率為20%。通過形態(tài)學與染色體計數(shù)結合的鑒定方法成功獲得了同源四倍體新種質。通過雜交或自交的方式共獲得以下10種基因型材料:glgl、Glgl、GlGl、glglgl、Glglgl、Gl Glgl、GlGlGl、glglglgl、GlGlglgl、GlGlGlGl。2.對不同黃瓜材料進行抗蚜性鑒定,并采用蚜量比值法對不同材料進行抗蚜分級可知:基因型glglglgl為高抗蚜(HR)材料;基因型glglgl和glgl材料為抗蚜(R)材料;基因型Gl Glglgl為中抗蚜(MR)材料,基因型Glglgl、Gl Glgl和GlGlGl為感蚜(S)材料;基因型GlGl Gl Gl、Glgl、GlGl為高感蚜(HS)材料,本研究再次驗證了無毛突變體黃瓜(glgl)的抗蚜性。黃瓜gl基因數(shù)量與其抗蚜性具有一定的相關性,相同倍性黃瓜材料,gl基因數(shù)量越多,抗蚜性也相對越強。不同倍性無毛黃瓜材料,倍性越高抗蚜性越強。3.不同黃瓜材料對蚜蟲侵害的反應程度與其本身抗蚜性密切相關,受蚜蟲侵害后,抗性較強的材料其總酚、黃酮、單寧、木質素等次生代謝物質含量和次生代謝相關酶PAL和PPO的活性不同程度的上升,且變化幅度基本與其抗性成正相關,但與其抗性等級不完全一致;此外,不同黃瓜材料本身的蛋白質和游離氨基酸含量與其抗性成負相關,蚜蟲侵害后含量有不同程度的增加,且增加幅度與其抗性基本呈正相關關系,但與其抗性等級不完全一致。相同倍性各材料之間以及不同倍性無毛黃瓜各材料之間,gl基因數(shù)目越多,接種蚜蟲后葉片次生代謝物含量及相關酶活性、營養(yǎng)物質(蛋白質、游離氨基酸)含量變化幅度越大,表現(xiàn)抗蚜能力越強。4.黃瓜gl基因數(shù)量越多,抗蚜性越強,表明抗蚜性為數(shù)量性狀,gl基因為數(shù)量性狀基因;gl基因又可控制莖葉表面刺毛性狀,無毛性狀為1對隱性基因控制(glgl),因此gl基因又是質量性狀基因。由此可以斷定gl基因即可控制數(shù)量性狀,又可控制質量性狀,因此gl基因為主基因。
[Abstract]:Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n=2x=14) has a long history of cultivation, is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crop in the world, plays an important role in people's daily consumption of vegetables in recent years. Cucumber Planting area continues to expand, is the main species of cucumber aphid damage, seriously reduce the quality and yield of cucumber. The use of chemical substances to control aphids the method is easy to cause environmental pollution, aphid resistance, resistance to complex background, against aphid predators, destroy the ecological balance. Glabrous Cucumber mutant (glgl) with aphid resistant characteristics, has important value in use, to enhance the study of cucumber traits, and preliminary research on GL gene controlling cucumber hairless character and its anti aphid, this study uses chromosome manipulation technology created a related GL gene in different ploidy materials, and different materials for identification of aphid resistance to aphid inoculation. The worm before and after nutrients and content of secondary metabolites and related enzyme activity changes of dynamic analysis. The main results are as follows: 1. using different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 2%) of colchicine two dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solution impregnation (glgl) and ordinary Glabrous Cucumber Hairy cucumber germinating seeds (GlGl) 4.5 h (20 C), found 0.4% colchicine and 2%DMSO mixed solution to obtain the corresponding autotetraploid best, Glabrous Cucumber under this concentration, the induction rate was 14%, a rate through the identification method of morphology and chromosome counting with 20%. successfully obtained autotetraploid cucumber induced by hair. By way of crossing or selfing were obtained the following 10 genotypes: glgl, Glgl, GlGl, glglgl, Glglgl, Gl, Glgl, GlGlGl, glglglgl, GlGlglgl, GlGlGlGl.2. of different materials of cucumber aphid, and using the method of aphid number ratio Different materials of aphid classification showed that genotype glglglgl is high aphid resistance (HR) materials; genotype glglgl and glgl were used as the anti aphid (R) materials; Gl genotype Glglgl in aphid (MR) material, genotype Glglgl, Gl Glgl and GlGlGl for the aphid (S) gene materials; GlGl Gl Gl, Glgl, GlGl high aphid (HS) materials, this research confirmed in glabrous cucumber aphid resistance (glgl). GL gene has a certain correlation with the number of cucumber aphid resistance of cucumber, the same ploidy materials, GL gene number, aphid resistance is relatively stronger. Different ploidy Glabrous Cucumber materials, times higher aphid resistance stronger cucumber aphid.3. of different materials on the reaction degree of its aphid resistance is closely related to the aphid, resistance material of the total phenolics, flavonoids, tannin, lignin content of secondary metabolites and secondary metabolites PAL and PPO enzyme activity The rise in different degree, and the change range and its resistance was positively correlated, but its resistance level is not exactly the same; in addition, different materials of cucumber protein and free amino acid content and its resistance is negatively related, have different degrees of increase after aphid feeding content, and increase its resistance to a positive relation, but its resistance grade is not completely consistent between the times. The same material and different ploidy Glabrous Cucumber materials, GL gene numbers, secondary metabolite contents in leaves and related enzyme activities of aphid, nutrients (amino acid protein) content ranges more changes, the stronger the number of aphid resistant performance of.4. GL gene in cucumber more and more strong resistance to aphids, showed that the aphid resistance to quantitative traits, GL gene for quantitative trait gene; GL gene can control the surface of leaf and stem bristle traits, traits of 1 hidden glabrous Sex gene control (glgl). Therefore, GL gene is also a quality trait gene. From this, we can conclude that GL gene can control quantitative traits and control quality traits, so GL gene is the major gene.

【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S642.2

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