本文選題：北京鴨　切入點(diǎn)：綠頭野鴨　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從野鴨到北京鴨的馴化過程中其基因組發(fā)生了海量的變異,包括單核苷酸變異(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)、短片段插入缺失(indels)和拷貝數(shù)變異(Copy number variation,CNV)等。這些變異可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致基因表達(dá)量的改變和蛋白編碼的變化。其中,基因表達(dá)量的改變由順式調(diào)控元件、反式作用因子和環(huán)境等因素共同影響,這些因素均可能造成北京鴨和野鴨之間基因表達(dá)的差異。而雜交后代中,來自雙親的等位基因處于相同的反式作用和環(huán)境下,兩個(gè)等位基因的差異表達(dá)則主要由受順式調(diào)控造成。因此,雜交后代兩個(gè)等位基因之間的表達(dá)差異可以反映北京鴨和野鴨順式調(diào)控元件的不同,為快速定位順式調(diào)控的變異奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本研究選取遠(yuǎn)緣群體綠頭野鴨和北京鴨構(gòu)建了F2資源群體,研究中所需血液樣本和組織樣本均來源于該F2資源群體。本研究共對(duì)雜交后代F1的32個(gè)組織樣本(來自3個(gè)家系,分3個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)采集)進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序,并通過生物信息學(xué)軟件和Perl語(yǔ)言編程完成了雜交后代等位基因差異表達(dá)的分析。分析結(jié)果如下:(1)32個(gè)樣本聚類分析表明不同組織的基因表達(dá)模式差異顯著;相同組織內(nèi)不同時(shí)期的樣本表達(dá)模式雖然比較相近,但1日齡的樣本單獨(dú)聚在一支,19日齡和35日齡的樣本之間沒有明顯的區(qū)分;不同性別的樣本基因表達(dá)模式相近,雌性和雄性個(gè)體的基因表達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)并沒有明顯的區(qū)分。(2)腹脂、肝臟、皮膚、脾、法氏囊、腦、肺、胸腺、心共9個(gè)組織的混合樣品中有624個(gè)基因?yàn)椴町惐磉_(dá)的等位基因,占基因總數(shù)的3.8%,其中部分基因和脂代謝、細(xì)胞連接有關(guān)。(3)在16個(gè)雜交后代胸肌樣本中鑒定出577個(gè),占基因總數(shù)的3.5%,其中2號(hào)染色體上的OBSCN、MYL3基因,7號(hào)染色體上的NEB基因,19號(hào)染色體上的MYH3,27號(hào)染色體上MYBPH等基因的產(chǎn)物都是肌肉組織的重要組成部分。綜上,等位基因差異表達(dá)現(xiàn)象在鴨子中是廣泛存在的,雜交后代中差異表達(dá)等位基因的順式調(diào)控元件在馴化過程中可能發(fā)生了改變。順式調(diào)控序列改變對(duì)基因表達(dá)的影響,可能最終導(dǎo)致了馴化過程中豐富的表型變異。另外,本研究揭示了順式調(diào)控可能在鴨子的馴化過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,為鴨子馴化過程中受選擇基因的鑒定和鴨子基因組的進(jìn)一步解析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the course of domestication from wild duck to Beijing duck, there were a lot of variations in their genomes, including single nucleotide polymorphismSNPs, short fragment insertion deletion in dels, copy number variation and so on.These variations may lead to changes in gene expression and protein coding.The changes of gene expression were affected by the cis-regulatory elements, trans-action factors and environmental factors. These factors may result in the difference of gene expression between Peking duck and wild duck.In the hybrid progeny, the alleles from both parents were in the same trans action and environment, and the differential expression of the two alleles was mainly caused by cis regulation.Therefore, the difference of expression between the two alleles can reflect the difference of cis-regulatory elements between Peking duck and wild duck, which lays a foundation for rapid localization of cis regulation variation.In this study, a F2 resource population was constructed from the distant populations of mallard duck and Beijing duck. The blood samples and tissue samples were obtained from the F2 resource population.In this study, 32 tissue samples (from 3 families, collected at 3 time points) of F1 were sequenced.The allelic differential expression of hybrid offspring was analyzed by bioinformatics software and Perl programming.The results were as follows: (1) 32 samples cluster analysis showed that there were significant differences in gene expression patterns among different tissues, while the expression patterns of different samples in the same tissues were similar at different stages.However, there was no significant difference between the samples of 19 and 35 days of age, and the gene expression patterns of the samples of different genders were similar, and the gene expression data of female and male individuals had no significant difference between them.In the liver, skin, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, brain, lung, thymus and heart, there are 624 alleles which are differentially expressed alleles, accounting for 3.8% of the total genes, some of which are genes and lipid metabolism.A total of 577 breast muscle samples from 16 hybrid progenies were identified.The products of OBSCN MYL3 gene on chromosome 2, NEB gene on chromosome 7, MYH330 gene on chromosome 19 and MYBPH gene on chromosome 27 are important components of muscle tissue.In conclusion, allelic differential expression is widespread in ducks, and the cis-regulatory elements of differentially expressed alleles may be changed during acclimation.The effect of cis regulation sequence change on gene expression may eventually lead to abundant phenotypic variation during acclimation.In addition, this study revealed that cis-regulation may play an important role in duck acclimation, which lays a foundation for the identification of selected genes and further analysis of duck genome during duck acclimation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S834

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