本文選題：牦牛　切入點：毛色基因　出處：《華北農(nóng)學報》2017年02期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：旨在通過分子水平和組織學水平闡明牦牛不同被毛顏色的機理。采用實時熒光定量PCR技術檢測皮膚組織中決定色素形成通路中的主效基因:鼠灰色基因(Agouti signaling protein gene(ASIP),Agouti)、小眼畸形相關轉(zhuǎn)錄因子(Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor,MITF)、黑色素皮質(zhì)素受體1基因(Melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)和酪氨酸酶基因(Tyrosinasegene,TYR)表達量。結(jié)果表明:MC1R表達量在黑色毛色高于白色毛色;MITF表達量在黑色毛色與白色毛色中差異明顯;ASIP表達量在白色毛色和黑色毛色中差異不顯著;TYR表達量在天祝純白被毛中表達量是大通純黑被毛的2.87倍,這與有色被毛高表達的結(jié)果相反,TYR的表達量對牦牛黑色素的合成影響有待深入研究。采用石蠟切片制作方法,用HE和甲苯胺藍染色。通過顯微鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)牦牛毛囊是由毛鞘、毛乳頭和毛球外面周圍的結(jié)締組織形成的。在天祝白牦牛的表皮和毛囊周圍發(fā)現(xiàn)分布著大量的黑色素細胞,同時發(fā)現(xiàn)有少量的黑色素顆粒存在。大通牦牛的毛囊和表皮黑色素細胞中均發(fā)現(xiàn)有黑色素的存在。黑色被毛毛囊中與毛發(fā)相連毛乳頭附近的黑色素含量比毛囊周圍其他部位含量高。大通牦牛的毛囊群比天祝牦牛毛囊群密集,毛囊的直徑比天祝長,毛發(fā)較粗。大通牦牛毛囊周圍黑色素細胞比天祝白牦牛密集,細胞核大,而且更為明顯。
[Abstract]:Aimed at the molecular level and tissue level of yak in different coat color mechanism. Using the real-time quantitative PCR detection of skin tissue determined pigment formation main gene pathway in rats: gray (Agouti signaling protein gene gene (ASIP), Agouti), microphthalmia associated transcription factor (Microphthalmia-associated transcription, factor, MITF) melanin, the melanocortin receptor 1 gene (Melanocortin 1 receptor, MC1R) and tyrosinase gene expression (Tyrosinasegene, TYR). The results showed that the expression of MC1R in the black coat color than white coat color; the expression of MITF in the black coat color with white hair color difference is obvious; the expression of ASIP in the white coat color and black coat color in the difference was not significant; the expression of TYR in Tianzhu white coat expression is Datong black were 2.87 times the hair, and the results of the colored by Mao Gaobiao on the contrary, the expression of TYR To investigate the effects on the synthesis of yak melanin. Method of making paraffin section, stained with HE and toluidine blue. The microscope found that yak hair follicle is composed of a hair sheath formed around the dermal papilla and hair ball outside connective tissue. It was found that the distribution of a large number of melanocytes in the epidermis and around Tianzhu White Yak the hair follicle, also found a small amount of melanin granules. The presence of melanin were found in hair follicles and epidermal melanocytes of Datong yak. Black hairs and hair follicles. The melanin content of dermal papilla near hair follicles than other parts around the high content. Datong yak hair follicle group than Tianzhu yak hair follicle group dense hair follicle diameter to length ratio, thick hair. Datong yak around the hair follicle melanocytes than Tianzhu White Yak intensive, large nuclei, and more obvious.

【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學動物科學與技術學院;中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院蘭州畜牧獸藥研究所甘肅省牦牛繁育重點實驗室;
【基金】：科技部科技支撐計劃項目(2012BAD13B05) 現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(肉牛牦牛)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系(CARS-38)
【分類號】：S823.85

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