本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因食品　切入點(diǎn)：標(biāo)識制度　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：從20世紀(jì)末開始,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)被積極應(yīng)用到作物栽培育種,得到在抗病性、抗逆性、營養(yǎng)成分、外觀等方面具有優(yōu)勢的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,世界上很多國家和地區(qū)都在種植。面對種類繁多、數(shù)量龐大的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品,公眾通常難以進(jìn)行區(qū)分。標(biāo)識制度是對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)行監(jiān)管的制度之一。2002年,我國開始對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制,目前已經(jīng)形成了基本的法律規(guī)范體系、監(jiān)管機(jī)制。由于轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的監(jiān)管在法律規(guī)范、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和司法救濟(jì)方面開始出現(xiàn)一些問題,我國轉(zhuǎn)基因品標(biāo)識制度并沒有很好地發(fā)揮監(jiān)管作用。所以,需要系統(tǒng)分析標(biāo)識制度的現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)存在的主要問題,并對比國外已經(jīng)確立的轉(zhuǎn)基因標(biāo)識管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步完善我國的相關(guān)規(guī)定。本文主要從法律規(guī)定與司法實(shí)踐的角度對我國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識制度分析現(xiàn)存的問題,系統(tǒng)地從具體法律規(guī)范、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和司法救濟(jì)方面對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識制度加以完善,從而發(fā)揮標(biāo)識制度在保障公民權(quán)利、維護(hù)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序、社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的重要作用。主要分為五部分對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識及相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行闡述。首先,介紹轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全性、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識涵義,并且論述了對這類食品進(jìn)行標(biāo)識的意義,明確進(jìn)行監(jiān)管的必要性。其次,介紹我國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識監(jiān)管的現(xiàn)狀,具體包括:標(biāo)識制度法律規(guī)范體系,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,以及司法實(shí)踐。然后,總結(jié)出我國相關(guān)規(guī)定的主要問題,分為法律規(guī)范、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)、司法救濟(jì)三個(gè)方面:法律規(guī)范層面,存在對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識對象范圍、內(nèi)容形式、關(guān)于“非轉(zhuǎn)基因標(biāo)識”的規(guī)定、關(guān)于閾值的規(guī)定方面存在不足,;監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)層面,分工、信息公開存在缺陷;司法救濟(jì)層面,裁判依據(jù)不足,消費(fèi)者維權(quán)困難。另外,通過對比分析歐盟和美國的相關(guān)規(guī)定,啟示我國在制定標(biāo)識制度時(shí)要考慮本國基本情況,監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)要注意分工合作,將標(biāo)識制度與可追溯制度的有機(jī)結(jié)合有利于監(jiān)管。從而,為完善我國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識制度提供建議。最后,對標(biāo)識制度在上述幾個(gè)方面存在的問題進(jìn)行完善。在法律規(guī)范方面要更新生物標(biāo)識目錄、豐富標(biāo)識內(nèi)容與形式、增加“非轉(zhuǎn)基因”標(biāo)識規(guī)定、引入閾值標(biāo)識、引入可追溯標(biāo)識,在監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)方面要確定監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)及職能分工并完善信息公開,完善裁判依據(jù),利用公益訴訟保障消費(fèi)者權(quán)益。本文緊密結(jié)合我國目前轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識制度現(xiàn)狀,在已有研究與總結(jié)基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒國外成功監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn),試圖對我國標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品標(biāo)識監(jiān)管提出較為全面的完善建議,從而更好地發(fā)揮標(biāo)識法律制度的監(jiān)管作用。
[Abstract]:Since the end of 20th century, transgenic technology has been actively applied to crop cultivation and breeding, and transgenic crops with advantages in disease resistance, stress resistance, nutritional composition, appearance and so on have been obtained. Many countries and regions in the world are growing. In the face of a wide variety of genetically modified foods, the public is usually difficult to distinguish. Marking system is one of the systems to regulate genetically modified foods. In 2002, China began to regulate the safety of genetically modified foods by law. At present, it has formed a basic legal normative system and regulatory mechanism. As a result of the regulation of genetically modified foods, there are some problems in the aspects of legal norms, regulatory bodies and judicial remedies. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically analyze the status quo of the marking system, sum up the main problems, and compare the management experience of transgenic marking established by foreign countries. Further improve the relevant provisions of our country. This article mainly from the legal provisions and judicial practice of the analysis of the existing problems of the labelling system of genetically modified food, systematically from the specific legal norms, The regulatory bodies and judicial remedies have improved the labelling system of genetically modified foods, thus giving full play to the marking system in safeguarding the rights of citizens and maintaining the order of the market economy. The important role of social sustainable development. It is divided into five parts to explain the labeling of genetically modified food and related issues. First, introduce the safety of genetically modified food, the meaning of genetically modified food labeling, It also discusses the significance of labeling of this kind of food and the necessity of supervision. Secondly, it introduces the current situation of labeling supervision of genetically modified foods in China, including: the legal normative system of marking system, the setting of regulatory agencies, And judicial practice. Then, it summarizes the main problems of relevant regulations in China, which are divided into three aspects: legal norms, regulatory bodies, and judicial remedies: legal norms, scope of objects for the identification of genetically modified foods, content forms, With regard to the provisions on "non-genetically modified marking", there are deficiencies in the provisions on threshold; at the regulatory level, at the division of labour and the disclosure of information; on the level of judicial relief, on the basis of insufficient adjudication, and on the difficulty of protecting rights by consumers. By comparing and analyzing the relevant regulations of the European Union and the United States, it is revealed that our country should take into account the basic situation of our country when making the marking system, that the regulators should pay attention to the division of work and cooperation, and that the organic combination of the marking system and the traceability system will be beneficial to the supervision. In order to improve the labeling system of genetically modified foods in China, we should provide some suggestions. Finally, we should perfect the problems in the above aspects. In terms of legal norms, we should update the catalogue of biomarkers, enrich the contents and forms of marking. Adding "non-transgenic" marking provisions, introducing threshold marking, introducing traceability marks, determining the division of labor and functions of regulatory bodies, perfecting the publicity of information, and perfecting the basis for adjudication, Using public interest litigation to protect the rights and interests of consumers. This paper closely combined with the current status of the labelling system of genetically modified food in China, on the basis of existing research and summary, learn from the successful regulatory experience of foreign countries, This paper attempts to put forward more comprehensive suggestions on the regulation of the labeling of standard transgenic foods in China, so as to play a better role in the regulatory role of the marking legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.16

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