【摘要】：目前，機(jī)械行業(yè)正朝著高速度、高精度和高質(zhì)量的方向發(fā)展，軸承作為機(jī)械行業(yè)重要的基礎(chǔ)部件，其作用顯得更加突出。鋼球作為軸承的滾動體，其質(zhì)量直接影響了軸承的運(yùn)動精度、動態(tài)性能和使用壽命。在對鋼球表面質(zhì)量進(jìn)行檢測的過程中，鋼球的球形特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)重影響了對鋼球表面缺陷的全面檢測，如何將鋼球表面合理高效的展開在檢測儀下是迫切需要解決的問題。因此，本文對單驅(qū)動鋼球表面展開機(jī)構(gòu)、單驅(qū)動展開機(jī)構(gòu)鋼球表面展開軌跡和單驅(qū)動展開機(jī)構(gòu)展開過程中鋼球的動力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行了深入的研究，并制造了展開機(jī)構(gòu)模型，，搭建了鋼球表面缺陷檢測試驗樣機(jī)，進(jìn)行了實驗。 單驅(qū)動鋼球表面展開機(jī)構(gòu)的理論研究是從力學(xué)和運(yùn)動學(xué)關(guān)系入手，分析展開機(jī)構(gòu)中展開輪的展開原理和展開過程中鋼球的角速度變化；分析了不同結(jié)構(gòu)的展開輪對鋼球表面展開的影響。對鋼球表面展開軌跡進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動分析，建立了鋼球表面展開軌跡數(shù)學(xué)模型；對展開機(jī)構(gòu)的配套系統(tǒng)：送球機(jī)構(gòu)、分球機(jī)構(gòu)和進(jìn)料箱進(jìn)行了設(shè)計和分析。 運(yùn)用MATLAB仿真軟件對單驅(qū)動鋼球表面展開機(jī)構(gòu)中鋼球的展開過程進(jìn)行了仿真分析和研究。根據(jù)建立的鋼球表面展開過程運(yùn)動軌跡數(shù)學(xué)模型，編制M文件，對鋼球表面展開軌跡進(jìn)行仿真，得出了展開機(jī)構(gòu)能夠?qū)撉虮砻嬲归_的結(jié)論。結(jié)合光纖傳感器檢測原理計算了鋼球表面缺陷檢測過程中鋼球表面不會出現(xiàn)檢測死區(qū)的條件，即鋼球表面遍歷的條件。利用仿真結(jié)果和展開過程運(yùn)動關(guān)系，給出了一定轉(zhuǎn)速下不同直徑鋼球表面完全展開且不會出現(xiàn)死區(qū)的條件。根據(jù)展開原理和光纖傳感器檢測原理計算了鋼球表面檢測過程中的重復(fù)率，并給出了最小重復(fù)率條件。 利用CATIA三維軟件建立了單驅(qū)動鋼球表面展開機(jī)構(gòu)實驗?zāi)Ｐ停鶕?jù)展開輪原理設(shè)計了適合3mm-8mm直徑鋼球展開用的展開輪，運(yùn)用ADMAS仿真軟件對展開機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)仿真。模擬了鋼球展開過程并分析了展開機(jī)構(gòu)中展開輪、驅(qū)動輪、壓緊輪和鋼球在展開過程中的受力變化過程和運(yùn)動變化過程；分析了鋼球在展開過程中的振動變化，優(yōu)化了展開機(jī)構(gòu)的各個運(yùn)動參數(shù)；繪制了鋼球展開過程中展開機(jī)構(gòu)各個部分受力變化和位移變化曲線。 加工制造了展開機(jī)構(gòu)的各個零件，并裝配完成單驅(qū)動鋼球表面展開機(jī)構(gòu)。結(jié)合三坐標(biāo)位移平臺，光纖傳感器和數(shù)據(jù)處理電路等實驗器材搭建了鋼球表面缺陷檢測系統(tǒng)，對鋼球表面缺陷進(jìn)行了檢測。根據(jù)仿真實驗結(jié)果設(shè)計了鋼球表面缺陷檢測實驗，鋼球振動實驗和鋼球遍歷實驗，驗證了仿真實驗的真實性和有效性，分析了鋼球表面缺陷檢測過程中誤差產(chǎn)生原因。
[Abstract]:At present, the mechanical industry is developing towards high speed, high precision and high quality. Bearing, as an important basic component of the mechanical industry, plays a more prominent role. As the rolling body of the bearing, the quality of the steel ball directly affects the motion accuracy, dynamic performance and service life of the bearing. In the process of testing the surface quality of steel ball, the spherical characteristics of steel ball seriously affect the comprehensive detection of surface defects of steel ball. How to develop the surface of steel ball reasonably and efficiently under the detector is an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism, single drive expansion mechanism steel ball surface expansion trajectory and single drive expansion mechanism are deeply studied, and the expansion mechanism model is made. A prototype of steel ball surface defect detection is built and the experiment is carried out. The theoretical research on the surface expansion mechanism of single drive steel ball is based on the relationship between mechanics and kinematics, and the expansion principle of the expansion wheel in the expansion mechanism and the angular velocity change of the steel ball in the process of expansion are analyzed. The influence of expansion wheels with different structures on the surface of steel balls is analyzed. The motion analysis of the surface expansion trajectory of the steel ball is carried out, and the mathematical model of the expansion trajectory of the steel ball surface is established, and the supporting systems of the expansion mechanism, such as the ball feeding mechanism, the dividing ball mechanism and the feed box, are designed and analyzed. The development process of steel ball in single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is simulated and studied by using MATLAB simulation software. According to the mathematical model of steel ball surface development process, the M file is compiled to simulate the steel ball surface expansion trajectory, and the conclusion that the expansion mechanism can expand the steel ball surface is drawn. Combined with the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the condition that the dead zone will not appear on the surface of steel ball, that is, the condition of traversing the surface of steel ball, is calculated. Based on the simulation results and the motion relationship of the expansion process, the conditions for the surface of steel balls with different diameters to expand completely without dead zone at a certain speed are given. According to the expansion principle and the detection principle of optical fiber sensor, the repetition rate in the process of steel ball surface detection is calculated, and the minimum repetition rate condition is given. The experimental model of single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is established by using CATIA three-dimensional software. According to the principle of expansion wheel, the expansion wheel suitable for 3mm-8mm diameter steel ball expansion is designed, and the dynamic simulation of the expansion mechanism is carried out by using ADMAS simulation software. The expansion process of steel ball is simulated and the stress change process and motion change process of expansion wheel, drive wheel, compression wheel and steel ball in the expansion mechanism are analyzed. The vibration change of steel ball in the process of expansion is analyzed, the motion parameters of the expansion mechanism are optimized, and the curves of force change and displacement of each part of the expansion mechanism are drawn. Each part of the expansion mechanism is machined and manufactured, and the single drive steel ball surface expansion mechanism is assembled and completed. Combined with three coordinate displacement platform, optical fiber sensor and data processing circuit, a steel ball surface defect detection system is built, and the steel ball surface defect is detected. According to the simulation results, the experiments of steel ball surface defect detection, steel ball vibration test and steel ball traversing experiment are designed to verify the authenticity and effectiveness of the simulation experiment, and the causes of errors in the process of steel ball surface defect detection are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP274;TH133.3

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