【摘要】：弧齒錐齒輪因其承載能力高、傳動(dòng)效率高、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、噪聲小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)、拖拉機(jī)、航空、航海、機(jī)床等行業(yè)中。在拖拉機(jī)的中央傳動(dòng)中，弧齒錐齒輪擔(dān)負(fù)著傳遞扭矩和改變運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向的作用，是重要?jiǎng)恿鬏斄慵Ｔ摿慵趶?qiáng)度、動(dòng)態(tài)性能和可靠性方面要求都很高，然而弧齒錐齒輪在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中的工況十分復(fù)雜，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由原動(dòng)機(jī)和負(fù)載引起的外部激勵(lì)嚙入嚙出的沖擊、齒側(cè)間隙、齒形誤差等引起的內(nèi)部激勵(lì)�；↓X錐齒輪朝著高速、重載和輕質(zhì)方向發(fā)展。因而，很有必要對(duì)拖拉機(jī)中央傳動(dòng)弧齒錐齒輪的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性、強(qiáng)度、可靠性方面進(jìn)行深入研究。 本文運(yùn)用CAD/CAE計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)，，對(duì)集材-80拖拉機(jī)前橋及后橋弧齒錐齒輪進(jìn)行有限元分析及優(yōu)化。 （1）根據(jù)弧齒錐齒輪的嚙合原理及齒面微分鄰域特性具體分析了弧齒錐齒輪的實(shí)際齒面嚙合情況，結(jié)合弧齒錐齒輪的切齒原理及刀具方程，推導(dǎo)出了弧齒錐齒輪的齒面方程。 （2）利用pro/e參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)程序，建立了弧齒錐齒輪的三維實(shí)體模型；并將弧齒錐齒輪三維實(shí)體模型進(jìn)行了虛擬裝配、運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真和干涉檢查。 （3）對(duì)接觸問(wèn)題有限元求解方法進(jìn)行分析比較，建立了弧齒錐齒輪接觸模型、確定了接觸算法；考慮到計(jì)算機(jī)資源和接觸的實(shí)際情況，創(chuàng)新地采用三齒接觸模型，提出了一種新的加載方式；運(yùn)用ansys進(jìn)行了非線性分析，得到了其嚙合齒輪的等效應(yīng)力圖、應(yīng)變圖及其分布情況；應(yīng)用赫茲接觸理論對(duì)集材-80拖拉機(jī)前橋及后橋弧齒錐齒輪進(jìn)行接觸強(qiáng)度理論值計(jì)算，并將有限元分析值與理論值進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，驗(yàn)證了有限元的可靠性。 （4）對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪進(jìn)行了高速旋轉(zhuǎn)下的模態(tài)分析，得到了弧齒錐齒輪在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)下的自振頻率遠(yuǎn)大于回轉(zhuǎn)頻率和嚙合頻率，證實(shí)在正常工況下不可能出現(xiàn)因齒輪嚙合引起的自身共振；通過(guò)振型圖可以直觀地發(fā)現(xiàn)齒輪振動(dòng)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。從而為齒輪的研究、設(shè)計(jì)和維護(hù)提供可靠的依據(jù)。 （5）以最小體積、彎曲強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)的許用傳遞功率最大和接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)的許用傳遞功率最大建立總的目標(biāo)函數(shù)，利用復(fù)合形法，對(duì)弧齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化。使設(shè)計(jì)更符合實(shí)際、更合理、更科學(xué)，為弧齒錐齒輪的主要參數(shù)的確定提供了一種新的方法。
[Abstract]:Arc bevel gear is widely used in automobile, tractor, aviation, navigation, machine tool and so on because of its high bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission, low noise and so on. In the central transmission of tractor, arc bevel gear plays the role of transferring torque and changing the direction of movement, and is an important part of power transmission. This part requires high strength, dynamic performance and reliability. However, the working conditions of arc tooth bevel gear in the transmission system are very complex, which may result in the impact of external excitation and meshing induced by prime motive and load, and the tooth side clearance. Internal excitation caused by tooth profile errors, etc. Arc bevel gears develop at high speed, heavy load and light weight. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics, strength and reliability of the central drive arc bevel gear. In this paper, the finite element analysis and optimization of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor are carried out by using CAD/CAE computer aided technology. The main contents are as follows: (1) according to the meshing principle of arc tooth bevel gear and the differential neighborhood characteristic of tooth surface, the actual tooth surface meshing of arc tooth bevel gear is analyzed concretely, and the tooth surface equation of arc tooth bevel gear is derived by combining the cutting principle of arc tooth bevel gear and tool equation. (2) the 3D solid model of spiral bevel gear is established by using pro/e parametric design program, and the 3D solid model of arc bevel gear is assembled, simulated and checked by interference. (3) the finite element method of contact problem is analyzed and compared, and the contact model of spiral bevel gear is established, and the contact algorithm is determined. Considering the actual situation of computer resources and contact, a new loading method is proposed by using the three-tooth contact model. The nonlinear analysis is carried out by using ansys, and the equal effect effort, strain diagram and its distribution of the meshing gear are obtained. The contact strength of front axle and rear axle arc bevel gear of skidding 80 tractor is calculated by Hertz contact theory. The reliability of finite element method is verified by comparing the finite element analysis value with the theoretical value. (4) Modal analysis of spiral bevel gear under high speed rotation shows that the natural vibration frequency of arc bevel gear under high speed rotation is much higher than that of rotation frequency and meshing frequency. It is proved that the self-resonance caused by gear meshing is not possible under normal working conditions. The weak link of gear vibration can be found intuitively by mode diagram. It provides reliable basis for the research, design and maintenance of gears. (5) based on minimum volume, maximum allowable transfer power in bending strength design and maximum allowable transfer power in contact strength design, the total objective function is established, and multi-objective optimization of arc-tooth bevel gear transmission is carried out by means of compound shape method. The design is more practical, reasonable and scientific. It provides a new method for determining the main parameters of spiral bevel gear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S219.02;TH132.41

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