【摘要】：本文對(duì)往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)氣閥的動(dòng)力特性和氣體通道形狀進(jìn)行了分析研究。首先采用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)分析的方法，計(jì)算出了氣閥氣流通道氣速的變化規(guī)律和氣閥閥片的工作過(guò)程曲線，然后運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)分析的方法，計(jì)算出不同形式的氣體通道對(duì)氣閥流速和壓力的影響，進(jìn)而得到最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)的氣閥氣流通道。 通過(guò)對(duì)氣閥的動(dòng)力特性分析計(jì)算，求得出了閥片的升程曲線、氣流速度曲線和閥損曲線，從而得到了氣閥通道的氣速，并對(duì)平均流速和瞬時(shí)流速進(jìn)行了對(duì)比；由分析結(jié)果可以看出，由于吸氣過(guò)程初始時(shí)，氣閥通道開(kāi)啟較小，此時(shí)通道里的氣速比較大，而且脈動(dòng)特別明顯；當(dāng)壓力足夠?qū)⑦M(jìn)氣閥完全打開(kāi)后，氣閥的進(jìn)氣速度近于平穩(wěn)，波動(dòng)較小。同樣在進(jìn)氣閥關(guān)閉的過(guò)程中，由于氣閥通道的面積變化，氣閥通道的氣速又出現(xiàn)了明顯波動(dòng)。 從分析可知，，氣閥的進(jìn)氣速度的最大值要大于氣閥的平均氣速，所以要更好的反映氣流在氣閥通道里的流動(dòng)情況，在計(jì)算氣速時(shí)最好是計(jì)算氣閥通道的瞬時(shí)氣速。 依據(jù)閥片的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律，又利用分析軟件ANSYS/CFD對(duì)兩種形式的氣體通道進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算，得出了氣體流速和壓力隨氣體通道形式的變化，并將計(jì)算所得的流速值和壓力值進(jìn)行了比較，結(jié)果得出直通式氣閥更可靠。模擬結(jié)果表明：直通式氣閥在氣流流通過(guò)程中，氣閥通流截面沒(méi)有變化，使氣體流通過(guò)程穩(wěn)定順暢，對(duì)閥座的沖擊力相對(duì)較小；而錐形氣流通道的氣閥，在氣流流通過(guò)程中，氣閥通流截面由大變小，此時(shí)閥隙氣速變化比較大，而且波動(dòng)明顯，增加了對(duì)閥座的沖擊力。 所以在進(jìn)行氣閥結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時(shí)，最好采用直通式氣閥，這樣可以增加氣閥的使用壽命，提高壓縮機(jī)的穩(wěn)定性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and gas channel shape of reciprocating compressor valve are analyzed and studied. Firstly, by using the method of basic knowledge analysis, the variation law of the gas velocity and the working process curve of the valve plate are calculated, and then the method of mathematical analysis is used to calculate the change law of the gas velocity of the air valve passage and the working process curve of the valve plate. The effects of different gas channels on the flow rate and pressure of the valve are calculated, and the optimal structure of the valve airflow channel is obtained. Through the analysis and calculation of the dynamic characteristics of the valve, the lift curve, the velocity curve and the loss curve of the valve plate are obtained, and the gas velocity of the air valve passage is obtained, and the average velocity and the instantaneous velocity are compared. It can be seen from the analysis results that the opening of the air valve channel is smaller at the beginning of the suction process, and the gas velocity in the passage is larger and the pulsation is especially obvious. When the pressure is enough to completely open the inlet valve, the intake speed of the valve is nearly stable and the fluctuation is small. In the process of valve closing, the gas velocity of the inlet valve also fluctuates obviously because of the change of the air valve channel area. From the analysis, it can be seen that the maximum inlet velocity of the valve is larger than the average gas velocity of the valve, so to better reflect the flow situation of the air flow in the air valve channel, it is better to calculate the instantaneous gas velocity of the air valve channel when calculating the gas velocity. According to the motion law of the valve plate and the numerical simulation of two kinds of gas channels by using the analysis software ANSYS/CFD, the variation of gas velocity and pressure with the gas channel form is obtained. The calculated velocity value and pressure value are compared and the results show that the straight-through valve is more reliable. The simulation results show that the flow section of the straight through valve does not change in the process of air flow, which makes the gas flow process stable and smooth, and the impact force on the valve seat is relatively small. In the conical air flow channel, the flow section of the valve is changed from large to small, and the valve gap gas velocity changes greatly, and the fluctuation is obvious, which increases the impact force on the valve seat. Therefore, in the design and calculation of the valve structure, it is better to adopt the straight-through air valve, which can increase the service life of the valve and improve the stability and economy of the compressor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH45

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