【摘要】：機車牽引齒輪作為機車傳動裝置的核心部分,其力學行為和工作性能對機車運行狀況都有重要影響。隨著鐵路向著高速、重載方向發(fā)展,對機車牽引齒輪的承載能力和傳動速度提出了更高的要求,而載荷和速度又是影響機車牽引齒輪材料摩擦學性能的主要因素,因此考慮摩擦學影響因素進行機車牽引齒輪力學性能研究對我國機車車輛的發(fā)展具有非常重要的現實意義。在相當多有關齒輪摩擦學性能的研究中,齒輪嚙合過程中輪齒表面的摩擦學性能通常被近似處理為穩(wěn)定不變,或是套用經驗公式求得。然而機車牽引齒輪傳動是相當復雜的動力學過程,嚙合表面間載荷、速度均隨時間而變化,因而齒面的摩擦學性能也是實時變化的。 本文在詳細分析國內外關于齒輪摩擦學相關研究的基礎上,以某機車牽引齒輪為研究對象,考慮載荷和速度等因素對材料摩擦學性能的影響,對機車牽引齒輪力學性能進行系統(tǒng)深入的研究。本文主要研究內容及研究成果有： (1)以某機車牽引齒輪為研究對象,針對其所用材料42CrMo和17CrNiMo6,在摩擦磨損試驗機上模擬實際工況進行銷盤往復摩擦磨損試驗,獲得不同載荷、速度下的摩擦系數。對試驗數據進行多元非線性回歸分析和顯著性檢驗,考慮摩擦面間載荷和速度等因素影響,獲得機車牽引齒輪材料摩擦系數公式。并通過多組隨機試驗驗證公式的正確性。 (2)基于所得的機車牽引齒輪材料摩擦系數公式,考慮載荷、速度的影響,對試驗摩擦副接觸應力進行理論和有限元仿真計算,所得結果相符；考慮載荷、速度的影響,對試驗摩擦副進行溫度場仿真分析,仿真值和試驗值相符。結果表明：復雜非線性的摩擦磨損問題可以利用有限元仿真方法進行模擬,從而為材料摩擦學性能研究提供一種實用而且有效的方法。 (3)考慮機車牽引齒輪嚙合過程中齒面接觸壓力、相對速度不斷變化所導致的接觸點摩擦學性能的時變性,在機車啟動和持續(xù)運行兩種工況條件下對機車牽引齒輪進行應力場仿真分析,得到接觸應力、摩擦應力的變化規(guī)律。對比考慮摩擦和不考慮摩擦兩種情況下齒輪齒根彎曲應力,結果表明齒面摩擦力對齒輪力學性能影響顯著,有必要從摩擦學角度對機車牽引齒輪進行研究。 (4)對機車牽引齒輪進行穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度場仿真分析,研究嚙合齒面摩擦熱流量的分布規(guī)律以及齒面穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度值的分布規(guī)律；考慮嚙合過程中載荷、速度不斷變化所導致的摩擦熱流量的變化,在不同嚙合位置上定義瞬態(tài)的移動摩擦熱源,研究各嚙合節(jié)點瞬時溫度分布及變化規(guī)律。為齒輪表面溫度計算提供一種更加準確的方法。
[Abstract]:As the core part of locomotive transmission, the mechanical behavior and working performance of locomotive traction gear have important influence on locomotive operation. With the development of railway towards high speed and heavy load, higher requirements are put forward for the load capacity and transmission speed of locomotive traction gear, and the load and speed are the main factors that affect the tribological properties of locomotive traction gear material. Therefore, it is very important for the development of locomotive and rolling stock to study the mechanical properties of locomotive traction gear considering the influence factors of tribology. In many researches on the tribological properties of gears, the tribological properties of gear surfaces are usually treated as stable and invariant during gear meshing, or can be obtained by applying empirical formulas. However, the traction gear drive of locomotive is a very complicated dynamic process. The load and velocity of the meshing surface vary with time, so the tribological performance of the tooth surface also changes in real time. Based on the detailed analysis of domestic and international research on gear tribology, this paper takes the traction gear of a locomotive as the research object, and considers the influence of load and speed on the tribological properties of the material. The mechanical properties of locomotive traction gears are studied systematically and deeply. The main research contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) the friction and wear tests of a locomotive traction gear are carried out on a friction and wear tester using 42CrMo and 17CrNiMo6, which are used to simulate the actual working conditions. The friction coefficient at different loads and velocities is obtained. The multivariate nonlinear regression analysis and significance test were carried out on the test data. The friction coefficient formula of locomotive traction gear material was obtained by considering the factors such as load and speed between friction planes. The correctness of the formula is verified by a number of random experiments. (2) based on the formula of friction coefficient of locomotive traction gear material, considering the influence of load and velocity, the contact stress of test friction pair is calculated theoretically and by finite element simulation. Considering the influence of load and velocity, the temperature field of the test friction pair is simulated and analyzed, and the simulation value is in agreement with the test value. The results show that the complex nonlinear friction and wear problems can be simulated by finite element method, which provides a practical and effective method for the study of tribological properties of materials. (3) considering the time variation of the tribological properties of the contact point caused by the constant change of the relative velocity and the contact pressure of the tooth surface during the meshing process of the traction gear of the locomotive. The stress field of locomotive traction gear is simulated and analyzed under two conditions of locomotive starting and continuous running, and the variation of contact stress and friction stress is obtained. The results show that the friction force on the tooth surface has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the gear, so it is necessary to study the traction gear of locomotive from the angle of tribology. (4) the steady state temperature field of locomotive traction gear is simulated and analyzed, and the distribution law of friction heat flux and steady temperature value of tooth surface are studied. Considering the variation of friction heat flow caused by load and velocity during meshing, transient moving friction heat sources are defined at different meshing positions, and the instantaneous temperature distribution and variation law of each meshing node are studied. It provides a more accurate method for calculating the surface temperature of gear.
【學位授予單位】：大連交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：U260.332;TH117

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