【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代高速加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展,高速電主軸技術(shù)得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。作為高速加工機(jī)床的核心部件的高速電主軸,實(shí)現(xiàn)了加工機(jī)床的“零傳動(dòng)”,簡(jiǎn)化了其結(jié)構(gòu),且提高了其響應(yīng)速度,但由于電主軸系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)熱量大,進(jìn)而會(huì)引起電主軸的穩(wěn)定性問題。軸承的摩擦發(fā)熱和內(nèi)置電機(jī)的電磁損耗發(fā)熱會(huì)引起主軸的熱變形,從而會(huì)降低機(jī)床的加工精度,也會(huì)影響高速電主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的提高。與普通電機(jī)相比,高速電主軸的熱特性有著更復(fù)雜的動(dòng)力學(xué)及不穩(wěn)定性。為有效分析電主軸的熱態(tài)性能,本文選用最高轉(zhuǎn)速為60000r/min的磨削類高速電主軸,運(yùn)用有限元法對(duì)其熱態(tài)性能進(jìn)行了深入分析,并開展了溫升實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。主要做了以下工作: ①介紹了電主軸基本的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及工作原理,并對(duì)電主軸系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析,包括與熱性能分析相關(guān)的支承技術(shù)、潤(rùn)滑技術(shù)和冷卻技術(shù),以及控制角度的主軸驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)。 ②分別計(jì)算了主軸軸承摩擦功率損耗和內(nèi)置電機(jī)的電磁損耗,分析了整個(gè)電主軸系統(tǒng)的傳熱及散熱規(guī)律,另外確定了電主軸的熱邊界條件,理論上分析了各因素對(duì)電主軸系統(tǒng)熱態(tài)性能的影響規(guī)律。 ③介紹了傳熱學(xué)經(jīng)典理論和ANSYS熱分析的基本知識(shí)及基本步驟,建立了高速電主軸的有限元模型,并對(duì)之進(jìn)行求解;得到了電主軸熱平衡狀態(tài)下溫度場(chǎng)分布情況和電主軸熱態(tài)性能的變化規(guī)律。 ④為了驗(yàn)證前面章節(jié)分析得到的結(jié)論,開展了電主軸的相關(guān)溫升實(shí)驗(yàn)。介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試裝置和測(cè)試方法;詳細(xì)敘述了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試過程和有關(guān)的注意事項(xiàng);分析了所獲得的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù);最后提出了一些改善高速電主軸熱態(tài)性能的方法,從而為電主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)優(yōu)化和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern high-speed machining technology, high-speed motorized spindle technology has been widely used. As the core component of high speed machining machine tool, the high speed motorized spindle realizes the "zero drive" of the machine tool, simplifies its structure and improves its response speed, but because of the large heat output of the motorized spindle system, Furthermore, the stability of the motorized spindle will be caused. The friction heat of bearing and the heat of electromagnetic loss of built-in motor will cause the thermal deformation of spindle, which will reduce the machining accuracy of machine tool, and will also affect the increase of speed of high-speed motorized spindle. Compared with ordinary motors, the thermal characteristics of high speed motorized spindle have more complex dynamics and instability. In order to effectively analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, this paper selects the grinding high speed motorized spindle with the highest rotational speed of 60000r/min, and uses the finite element method to deeply analyze the thermal performance of the motorized spindle, and carries out the experimental research on the temperature rise. The main works are as follows: 1 the basic structural characteristics and working principle of the motorized spindle are introduced, and the key technologies of the motorized spindle system are analyzed, including the supporting technology, lubrication technology and cooling technology related to the thermal performance analysis. And the spindle drive technology of controlling angle. (2) the friction power loss of spindle bearing and the electromagnetic loss of built-in motor are calculated respectively, the heat transfer and heat dissipation law of the whole motorized spindle system are analyzed, and the thermal boundary conditions of the motorized spindle are determined. The influence of various factors on the thermal performance of motorized spindle system is analyzed theoretically. 3. The classical theory of heat transfer and the basic knowledge and steps of ANSYS thermal analysis are introduced. The finite element model of high speed motorized spindle is established and solved. The distribution of the temperature field and the variation of the thermal performance of the motorized spindle under the thermal equilibrium state are obtained. In order to verify the conclusions obtained in the previous chapter, the related temperature rise experiment of motorized spindle was carried out. This paper introduces the experimental testing device and test method, describes the process of experimental test and the relevant matters needing attention in detail, and analyzes the experimental test data obtained. Finally, some methods to improve the thermal performance of high speed motorized spindle are put forward, which can provide a reference for the structural design, parameter optimization and dynamic analysis of the motorized spindle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.2

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本文編號(hào)：2359346