【摘要】：液壓泵作為液壓系統(tǒng)的動力源,其泄漏約占液壓系統(tǒng)總泄漏量的7.5%,液壓泵的泄漏不僅影響泵的容積效率、降低泵的工作壽命、造成資源的浪費(fèi)、甚至還造成環(huán)境污染,因此液壓泵的防泄漏問題尤為重要。氣穴現(xiàn)象是誘發(fā)液壓元件噪聲最普遍、最主要的原因之一,它會使液壓泵的效率降低、損壞零件、縮短液壓元件和管道的壽命、造成流量和壓力的脈動。因此,為了設(shè)計(jì)低泄漏、低氣穴的液壓泵,研究液壓泵的密封和氣穴問題非常重要。 論文的主要內(nèi)容如下： 第1章,闡述了本課題研究的目的和意義；分別概述了柱塞泵的密封和氣穴問題的研究現(xiàn)狀；對流固耦合技術(shù)和多相流理論及其在課題中的應(yīng)用也分別做了簡單的概括。 第2章,對單柱塞泵往復(fù)密封的流固耦合數(shù)值模擬所涉及到的液壓柱塞往復(fù)密封理論以及氣穴流場數(shù)值模擬中所涉及到的氣泡動力學(xué)理論做了簡要的介紹。 第3章,對單柱塞泵往復(fù)密封這種典型的流固耦合問題,運(yùn)用ANSYS Workbench和CFX軟件進(jìn)行聯(lián)合仿真,得出不同壓力下密封間隙的壓力分布、泄漏量、密封間隙的徑向位移分布等結(jié)論。在實(shí)驗(yàn)方面,采用了無0型密封圈和有0型密封圈兩套實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置來對比測試柱塞腔的油液泄漏量大小。將仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,模擬得到的柱塞腔的泄漏量與實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的泄漏量比較吻合,表明該流固耦合的仿真模型是有效的。 第4章,針對單柱塞泵工作容腔的氣穴現(xiàn)象,運(yùn)用Fluent軟件對柱塞泵工作容腔的氣穴流場進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,采用了非平衡壁面函數(shù)的K-ε模型和帶有空化作用的多相流混合模型,得出了不同閥口開度和入口速度下柱塞泵工作容腔的氣穴流場的分布規(guī)律。在實(shí)驗(yàn)方面,采用了不帶補(bǔ)油泵和帶補(bǔ)油泵兩套實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置來對比測試柱塞泵工作容腔的真空度大小。將仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,模擬得到的柱塞泵工作容腔的真空度和實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的真空度比較吻合,表明非平衡壁面函數(shù)的K-ε模型和帶有空化作用的多相流混合模型能夠有效地預(yù)測柱塞泵工作容腔氣穴流場的分布規(guī)律。 第5章,對本論文的研究工作和成果進(jìn)行了總結(jié),展望了下一步的研究工作。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic pump as the power source of hydraulic system, its leakage accounts for about 7.5% of the total leakage of hydraulic system. The leakage of hydraulic pump not only affects the pump's volumetric efficiency, reduces the pump's working life, causes the waste of resources, but also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the hydraulic pump leakage prevention problem is particularly important. The cavitation phenomenon is one of the most common and main reasons that induce the noise of hydraulic components. It can reduce the efficiency of hydraulic pump, damage parts, shorten the life of hydraulic components and pipes, and cause flow and pressure pulsation. Therefore, in order to design the hydraulic pump with low leakage and low cavitation, it is very important to study the sealing and cavitation of hydraulic pump. The main contents of this paper are as follows: in Chapter 1, the purpose and significance of this research are described, and the research status of sealing and cavitation of piston pump is summarized respectively. The convection-solid coupling technique and the theory of multiphase flow and their applications in the subject are also briefly summarized. In chapter 2, the theory of hydraulic plunger reciprocating seal and the theory of bubble dynamics involved in numerical simulation of single piston pump reciprocating seal are briefly introduced. In chapter 3, the typical fluid-solid coupling problem of reciprocating seal of single piston pump is simulated by ANSYS Workbench and CFX software, and the results of pressure distribution, leakage amount and radial displacement distribution of seal clearance under different pressure are obtained. In the aspect of experiment, the oil leakage of plunger cavity is measured by two sets of experimental devices: no 0 seal ring and 0 type seal ring. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, the leakage of the simulated plunger cavity is in good agreement with the experimental leakage, which shows that the simulation model of fluid-solid coupling is effective. In chapter 4, according to the cavitation phenomenon of single piston pump working cavity, the cavitation flow field of piston pump working cavity is numerically simulated by Fluent software. The K- 蔚 model of non-equilibrium wall function and the mixed model of multiphase flow with cavitation are adopted. The distribution of cavitation flow field in piston pump working cavity with different opening and inlet velocity is obtained. In the aspect of experiment, the vacuum degree of the piston pump working cavity is compared with that of the oil pump without oil supply and the pump with oil supply. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental results, the vacuum degree of the piston pump working cavity obtained by the simulation is in good agreement with the experimental vacuum degree. It is shown that the K- 蔚 model of non-equilibrium wall function and the mixed model of multiphase flow with cavitation can effectively predict the distribution of cavitation flow field in piston pump. Chapter 5 summarizes the research work and results of this paper, and looks forward to the next research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH322

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