【摘要】：隨著當今世界的飛速發(fā)展,各種大型或超大型的水利、水電、火電、核電工程以及城市建筑迅速增多,在滿足起重機的起升高度更高、起升重量更大、作業(yè)幅度更廣的要求同時,起重機結構的輕量化成為當前的一項重要研究內容。面對這一要求,桁架結構以其突出的力學性能優(yōu)勢越來越廣泛地被應用于起重機結構設計中,尤其是起重機的臂架結構。關于結構優(yōu)化的理論一直在深入發(fā)展,但是多側重于解決結構設計的某一問題,而對于復雜的實際工程問題難以得到良好地應用,且不易于設計人員快速掌握。因此,研究用于起重機桁架結構的優(yōu)化方法,探索起重機結構設計的相關規(guī)律,對于起重機結構輕量化設計和系列化設計具有重要意義。 本文以DR1250動臂塔式起重機的桁架式臂架結構為研究對象,研究多工況與多載荷組合的復雜計算條件下起重臂結構的優(yōu)化方法。采用理論計算與有限元計算相結合的方法,基于參數(shù)化思想進行建模,分析臂架結構優(yōu)化所需的最危險計算條件,從而精簡設計變量,提高優(yōu)化計算效率,同時充分考慮各約束條件、并選擇適合該臂架結構優(yōu)化的最佳優(yōu)化算法,以保證結果最優(yōu)。針對桁架結構弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配問題,本文提取臂架結構中典型的K型結構,通過參數(shù)化有限元建模,研究腹桿的壁厚變化和腹桿的外徑變化對K型結構相貫節(jié)點處應力的影響,研究臂架結構中弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配關系。 本文基于APDL語言進行參數(shù)化有限元建模和結構優(yōu)化計算,得到了滿意的優(yōu)化結果。該優(yōu)化方法適合于解決復雜工況下起重機桁架式臂架結構優(yōu)化設計問題,易于工程人員快速掌握,且APDL程序具有很好的可重用性。通過研究,得到了腹桿尺寸變化下K型結構的應力變化和變形規(guī)律,對研究臂架結構弦桿和腹桿的剛度匹配問題、優(yōu)化臂架結構具有重要價值,為起重機結構設計者在合理選擇弦桿和腹桿的尺寸方面提供了有益的參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world today, a variety of large or super-large water conservancy, hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power projects and urban buildings are increasing rapidly. At the same time, the lightening of crane structure has become an important research content. In the face of this requirement, truss structure is more and more widely used in crane structure design, especially in crane jib structure, because of its outstanding mechanical properties. The theory of structural optimization has been developed in depth, but it is difficult to solve the problem of structural design, but it is difficult to be applied to complex practical engineering problems, and it is difficult for designers to master them quickly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the optimization method of crane truss structure and to explore the relevant rules of crane structure design for the lightweight and serialized design of crane structure. In this paper, the truss jib structure of DR1250 jib crane is taken as the research object, and the optimization method of the cantilever structure under the complex calculation condition of multi-working condition and multi-load combination is studied. Using the method of combining theoretical calculation with finite element calculation, modeling based on parameterization thought, analyzing the most dangerous calculation conditions needed for optimization of boom structure, thus simplifying design variables and improving the efficiency of optimization calculation. At the same time, every constraint condition is fully considered, and the optimal optimization algorithm suitable for the optimization of the boom structure is selected to ensure the optimal result. Aiming at the problem of stiffness matching between chord and web bar of truss structure, the typical K-type structure of arm structure is extracted in this paper, and the parameterized finite element method is used to model it. The influence of the change of the wall thickness of the web bar and the outside diameter of the web bar on the stress at the intersecting joint of the K-type structure is studied. The stiffness matching relationship between the chord and the web rod in the arm structure is studied. In this paper, parametric finite element modeling and structural optimization calculation based on APDL language are carried out, and satisfactory results are obtained. This optimization method is suitable for the optimization design of crane truss jib structure under complex working conditions, which is easy for engineers to master quickly, and the APDL program has good reusability. Through the research, the stress and deformation law of K-type structure with the change of web bar size is obtained, which is of great value for studying the stiffness matching between chord and web bar of boom structure, and optimizing the jib structure. It provides a useful reference for crane structure designer to choose the dimensions of chord and web rod reasonably.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH21

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