【摘要】：機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)在使用過程中,將會(huì)受到正常工作載荷的作用以及各種突發(fā)性外在因素影響而出現(xiàn)局部損傷。當(dāng)局部損傷積累到一定程度時(shí),會(huì)導(dǎo)致整體結(jié)構(gòu)的突然失效。對于重要結(jié)構(gòu),損傷的發(fā)生以及機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的失效將引起重大的安全事故和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此,為保證機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的安全與系統(tǒng)的正常工作,需要定期或在線對機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行損傷檢測,盡早地發(fā)現(xiàn)損傷發(fā)生的位置和程度,對結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行修復(fù)或改進(jìn),避免災(zāi)難性事故的發(fā)生。 本文從工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用出發(fā),將應(yīng)變模態(tài)方法與工作模態(tài)理論相結(jié)合應(yīng)用于機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷檢測中。具體研究過程如下： 1、通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別方法的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題,結(jié)合具體研究對象對應(yīng)變模態(tài)分析方法做了詳細(xì)的研究。 2、通過間接損傷診斷數(shù)值仿真、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,得出損傷位置、程度對模態(tài)參數(shù)(頻率、阻尼、振型)的一般影響規(guī)律。 本文以應(yīng)變模態(tài)振型和應(yīng)變模態(tài)差為損傷識(shí)別指標(biāo)對懸臂梁損傷進(jìn)行了有效的識(shí)別。應(yīng)變模態(tài)振型對非模態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)損傷非常敏感,尤其是對損傷發(fā)生在某階模態(tài)峰值區(qū)附近時(shí)。在損傷附近應(yīng)變模態(tài)發(fā)生突變,并且突變程度隨損傷量的增加而增大。 3、由加速度信號推算應(yīng)變模態(tài)。 根據(jù)材料力學(xué)縱應(yīng)變理論,得出應(yīng)變與位移的關(guān)系。位移信號可以由加速時(shí)信號經(jīng)兩次積分得到。從加速度信號推導(dǎo)出應(yīng)變模態(tài),并從誤差的角度分析了這種方法的可行性。計(jì)算過程中主要誤差來源為兩測點(diǎn)信號相減過程中的相位誤差。為了減小這種相位誤差,提出了一種基于最小方差的處理方法,并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了這種方法的可行性。該方法可以使以后的測試及診斷更加方便有效。 4、將應(yīng)變模態(tài)與工作模態(tài)綜合運(yùn)用于結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷檢測中。 本文將應(yīng)變模態(tài)和工作模態(tài)相結(jié)合,闡述了應(yīng)變工作模態(tài)的基本原理及頻域參數(shù)識(shí)別方法。針對應(yīng)變模態(tài)與工作模態(tài)相結(jié)合的研究方法提出新的研究路徑,并通過懸臂梁實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了這種方法的可行性 總體來說,本文將應(yīng)變模態(tài)分析方法和工作模態(tài)的基本理論應(yīng)用于機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷檢測中,通過理論的分析推導(dǎo)和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,對所提方法的可行性和有效性進(jìn)行了分析研究。
[Abstract]:In the process of use, the mechanical structure will be affected by the normal working load and a variety of sudden external factors, resulting in local damage. When the local damage accumulates to a certain extent, it will lead to the sudden failure of the whole structure. For important structures, the occurrence of damage and the failure of mechanical structures will cause serious safety accidents and economic losses. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the mechanical structure and the normal work of the system, it is necessary to detect the damage of the mechanical structure on a regular or online basis, to find out the location and extent of the damage as soon as possible, and to repair or improve the structure in real time. Avoid catastrophic accidents. In this paper, the strain mode method is combined with the working mode theory to detect the damage of mechanical structures. The specific research process is as follows: 1. By analyzing the present situation and existing problems of structural damage identification methods, the strain modal analysis method is studied in detail. 2. Through numerical simulation of indirect damage diagnosis and experimental study, the general influence of damage location and degree on modal parameters (frequency, damping, mode shape) is obtained. In this paper, the damage of cantilever beam is effectively identified by using strain mode and strain mode difference as damage identification index. The strain mode is very sensitive to the damage of the non-modal node, especially when the damage occurs near the peak value of a certain mode. A mutation occurs in the strain mode near the damage, and the degree of the mutation increases with the increase of the damage. The strain mode is calculated from the acceleration signal. According to the theory of longitudinal strain in mechanics of materials, the relationship between strain and displacement is obtained. The displacement signal can be obtained from the acceleration signal by two integrals. The strain mode is derived from the acceleration signal and the feasibility of this method is analyzed from the angle of error. The main source of error in the calculation process is the phase error in the process of signal subtraction between two measuring points. In order to reduce the phase error, a processing method based on minimum variance is proposed, and the feasibility of this method is verified by experiments. This method can make the later test and diagnosis more convenient and effective. 4. The strain mode and the working mode are applied to the damage detection of the structure. In this paper, the basic principle of strain working mode and the identification method of frequency domain parameters are expounded by combining the strain mode with the working mode. A new research path is proposed for the combination of strain mode and working mode, and the feasibility of this method is verified by cantilever beam experiment. In this paper, the strain mode analysis method and the basic theory of working mode are applied to the damage detection of mechanical structures. The feasibility and validity of the proposed method are analyzed and studied by theoretical analysis and experimental verification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH165.3

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