【摘要】：空分壓縮機在國民經(jīng)濟中起著舉足輕重的作用,是許多工業(yè)部門重要的通用機械。壓縮機設備幾乎遍及石油、化工、冶金、動力、國防、制冷、制藥、食品、機械等各大工業(yè)領域。在正常情況下,壓縮機工作在安全區(qū)域內(nèi),由于外界工況因素的改變,壓縮機將發(fā)生喘振現(xiàn)象。喘振現(xiàn)象的破壞性極大,如何設計出相應的防喘振控制系統(tǒng),有效的防止喘振的發(fā)生,確保壓縮機的安全運行以及高效率的運作,具有廣泛的社會意義和經(jīng)濟價值。在本文的設計過程中采取理論與實際相結合,實驗室實驗與工業(yè)現(xiàn)場施工、調(diào)試相銜接,軟件開發(fā)與硬件設計相配合的研究方法。 本論文通過對壓縮機喘振機理以及影響喘振因素的研究,得出了防喘振的控制要點,為防喘振控制方法的改進提供了前提。本文還對壓縮機喘振特性進行了分析并說明了這些特性在實際工作中對壓縮機在防喘振控制中的作用。論文還研究了壓縮機防喘振控制系統(tǒng)的原理以及壓縮機防喘振控制常用的四種控制方案,在研究這四種方案所要滿足的條件及實際工作中所要滿足要求的同時,還對防喘振控制系統(tǒng)的研究和注意事項以及對防喘振技術的研究方案都做了研究,為防喘振控制系統(tǒng)的設計理念以及控制方案的設計奠定了基礎。 論文還對壓縮機回流量的控制系統(tǒng)進行了分析,對預防喘振的發(fā)生非常有效。通過建立空壓機控制系統(tǒng)的近似模型,把模糊控制和傳統(tǒng)PID控制結合起來,分別采用傳統(tǒng)的PID控制和Fuzzy-PID控制,用MATLAB對系統(tǒng)進行性能仿真。經(jīng)過對仿真結果進行比較得出Fuzzy-PID控制的各項參數(shù)都優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的PID控制,能夠更好的適應壓縮機系統(tǒng)變工況運行,有利于整個壓縮機系統(tǒng)在工況區(qū)運行。本文還研究了PLC控制系統(tǒng)在壓縮機控制系統(tǒng)中的作用,對控制系統(tǒng)進行了軟硬件設計及利用模糊PID控制在可編程控制器上的實現(xiàn)及仿真。壓縮機是整個壓縮裝置的核心部件,除了對壓縮機的防喘振控制系統(tǒng)的研究,壓力限制控制,容量控制以及溫度控制的研究對于壓縮機的防喘振控制也有一定的影響,屬于壓縮機綜合控制包含的內(nèi)容,所以關于壓縮機綜合控制的研究對于分析壓縮機防喘振控制是不可忽略的重要環(huán)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Air separation compressor plays an important role in the national economy and is an important general purpose machine in many industrial sectors. Compressor equipment almost throughout the petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, power, national defense, refrigeration, pharmaceutical, food, machinery and other major industrial fields. Under normal conditions, the compressor works in a safe area, and the compressor will surge due to the change of external working conditions. Surge phenomenon is extremely destructive. How to design the corresponding anti-surge control system to effectively prevent surge, ensure the safe operation of compressor and high efficiency operation, has a wide range of social significance and economic value. In the design process of this paper, the research methods of combining theory with practice, laboratory experiment and industrial field construction, debugging, software development and hardware design are adopted. Through the research on the mechanism of compressor surge and the factors affecting surge, the main points of anti-surge control are obtained in this paper, which provides the premise for improving the anti-surge control method. This paper also analyzes the surge characteristics of the compressor and explains the role of these characteristics in the anti-surge control of the compressor in practical work. The paper also studies the principle of compressor anti-surge control system and four common control schemes of compressor anti-surge control. The research and attention of anti-surge control system and the research scheme of anti-surge technology are also studied, which lays a foundation for the design concept of anti-surge control system and the design of anti-surge control scheme. The paper also analyzes the control system of compressor reflux, which is very effective to prevent surge. By establishing the approximate model of the air compressor control system, combining the fuzzy control with the traditional PID control, the traditional PID control and Fuzzy-PID control are adopted, respectively, and the performance of the system is simulated by MATLAB. By comparing the simulation results, it is concluded that the parameters of Fuzzy-PID control are better than the traditional PID control, which can better adapt to the compressor system operation under different conditions, and is beneficial to the whole compressor system operation in the working condition area. The function of PLC control system in compressor control system is also studied in this paper. The software and hardware design of the control system and the realization and simulation of the control system with fuzzy PID control on programmable controller are also given. The compressor is the core component of the whole compression device. Besides the research on the anti-surge control system of the compressor, the research of the pressure limitation control, the capacity control and the temperature control also have certain influence on the anti-surge control of the compressor. It belongs to the content of the compressor integrated control, so the research on the compressor integrated control is an important link that can not be ignored for analyzing the compressor anti-surge control.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH45

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