【摘要】：扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)是旋轉(zhuǎn)類機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種普遍形式,其對(duì)軸系的傳動(dòng)精度帶來很大的影響。對(duì)于各種加工機(jī)床,振動(dòng)是普遍存在于各個(gè)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的,而滾珠絲杠是數(shù)控機(jī)床的主要傳動(dòng)部件,直接參與機(jī)床加工,其動(dòng)態(tài)特性對(duì)切削穩(wěn)定性和機(jī)床加工水平有很大的影響。因此,對(duì)于軸系在扭振負(fù)荷作用下的動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)特性進(jìn)行分析與研究就顯得非常有必要,同時(shí),研究結(jié)果對(duì)提高機(jī)床的加工精度有重要意義。 本文針對(duì)軸系扭負(fù)荷狀態(tài),建立軸系扭振激勵(lì)和檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)的模擬試驗(yàn)臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)軸系扭振信號(hào)采集、分離和數(shù)據(jù)分析計(jì)算方法,并分析了軸系在扭負(fù)荷作用下的角位移變化和補(bǔ)償關(guān)系。歸結(jié)起來,進(jìn)行了如下幾個(gè)方面的工作： 1.針對(duì)軸系扭負(fù)荷狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)了扭振激勵(lì)和檢測(cè)模擬試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。設(shè)計(jì)了軸系典型扭負(fù)荷發(fā)生模擬系統(tǒng)和響應(yīng)的檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。通過電渦流傳感器、飛輪、齒形輪的組合,在飛輪上施加沖擊負(fù)荷,在齒形輪上通過調(diào)制作用拾取扭振信號(hào),使用脈沖時(shí)序法解調(diào)扭振信號(hào)。在齒輪上的電渦流傳感器得到的信號(hào)是類正弦信號(hào)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,試驗(yàn)臺(tái)軸系能夠正確傳遞扭振信息。 2.建立了數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理系統(tǒng)。在計(jì)算機(jī)安裝數(shù)據(jù)采集卡進(jìn)行多通道同步數(shù)據(jù)采樣。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)過零點(diǎn)的位置判斷時(shí)序脈沖的起始和終止點(diǎn),建立脈沖時(shí)序序列,然后把所得數(shù)據(jù)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)分析處理軟件中進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析和處理。 3.采用不同材質(zhì)的材料對(duì)飛輪進(jìn)行了等沖力的沖擊作用,在齒形輪上和軸承端部觀察了橫振和扭振作用的傳輸狀態(tài)。 4.使用ANSYS建立了滾珠絲杠簡(jiǎn)化模型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)扭振分析。
[Abstract]:Torsional vibration is a universal form of rotating mechanical motion, which has great influence on the transmission accuracy of shafting. For all kinds of machine tools, vibration is common in all fields of mechanical movement, and ball screw is the main transmission part of NC machine tool, and it is directly involved in the machining of machine tool. Its dynamic characteristics have great influence on cutting stability and machining level of machine tools. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the dynamic response characteristics of shafting under torsional vibration load. At the same time, the research results are of great significance to improve the machining accuracy of machine tools. In this paper, according to the torsional load state of shafting, a simulated test bed for excitation and testing of torsional vibration of shafting is established, and a method for collecting, separating and calculating the torsional vibration signals of shafting is designed. The angular displacement and compensation relation of shafting under torsional load are analyzed. To sum up, the following aspects of work were carried out: 1. A torsional vibration excitation and testing simulator is designed for shafting torsional load state. A typical torsional load generation simulation system and a response detection system are designed. Through the combination of eddy current sensor, flywheel and tooth wheel, the impulse load is applied on the flywheel, and the torsional vibration signal is picked up by modulating action on the gear, and the torsional vibration signal is demodulated by pulse timing method. The signal obtained from the eddy current sensor on the gear is a sinusoidal signal. The experimental results show that the shaft system of the test stand can transfer torsional vibration information correctly. 2. A data acquisition and processing system is established. The data acquisition card is installed on the computer for multi-channel synchronous data sampling. According to the position of the zero-crossing point, the starting and ending point of the sequential pulse is judged, and the pulse sequence is established, then the data is analyzed and processed in the standard data analysis and processing software. 3. The impingement of equal impulse on the flywheel with different materials was carried out. The transmission state of transverse and torsional vibration was observed on the gear and at the end of the bearing. 4. The simplified model of ball screw is established by ANSYS, and its static torsional vibration is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH132

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