【摘要】：往復(fù)泵作為工業(yè)領(lǐng)域重要的往復(fù)設(shè)備,廣泛應(yīng)用于石油鉆井、油氣開(kāi)采等生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域。液力端作為往復(fù)泵的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)在使用當(dāng)中經(jīng)常發(fā)生故障,由于液力端的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、激勵(lì)源多,導(dǎo)致液力端的故障診斷比較困難。開(kāi)展對(duì)往復(fù)泵液力端的故障診斷研究工作對(duì)于提高油田往復(fù)泵的使用效率,保證安全生產(chǎn)具有十分重要的意義。柱塞磨損故障和泵閥組件故障是本文診斷研究的重點(diǎn),本文利用時(shí)域統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)診斷方法對(duì)柱塞磨損故障進(jìn)行了診斷；同時(shí),利用小波包分析方法提取了泵閥組件的故障特征,在MATLAB中創(chuàng)建了BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),并利用創(chuàng)建的人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)了液力端故障的智能識(shí)別。這些診斷方法可較好地用于往復(fù)泵液力端的故障診斷當(dāng)中。 本文的研究工作主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面： 首先,在廣泛調(diào)研國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了往復(fù)泵液力端的工作原理、常見(jiàn)故障及故障原因。建立了簡(jiǎn)化后閥蓋振動(dòng)的力學(xué)模型,論述了利用振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行液力端故障診斷的可行性。指出了液力端振動(dòng)信號(hào)的非平穩(wěn)性和故障是促使振動(dòng)信號(hào)發(fā)生變化的主要原因。設(shè)計(jì)了液力端的故障實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,在3DS-1/12.5型往復(fù)泵上進(jìn)行了故障實(shí)驗(yàn)； 其次,針對(duì)液力端振動(dòng)信號(hào)的非平穩(wěn)性特點(diǎn),對(duì)柱塞磨損故障采用了時(shí)域統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)診斷方法,計(jì)算出了各指標(biāo)的重要度系數(shù),建立了柱塞磨損程度的診斷模型,并通過(guò)故障程度值較為直觀地反映了柱塞的磨損程度；針對(duì)泵閥振動(dòng)信號(hào)具有非平穩(wěn)特性、故障特征提取難度大的特點(diǎn),在對(duì)幾種時(shí)頻分析方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文引入了小波和小波包變換方法,對(duì)振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行小波包分析；提出了能量最大差別法來(lái)確定小波包分解方案,通過(guò)建立“頻率—能量—故障”的診斷模型,有效提取出了泵閥組件發(fā)生不同類(lèi)型、不同程度時(shí)的故障特征。 然后,詳細(xì)介紹了BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的算法原理,在MATLAB中利用BP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的改進(jìn)措施實(shí)現(xiàn)了BP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的創(chuàng)建與訓(xùn)練,通過(guò)所創(chuàng)建的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)了液力端故障的智能識(shí)別,并且診斷準(zhǔn)確率均達(dá)到了90%以上。 最后,針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中存在的問(wèn)題和不足,設(shè)計(jì)了往復(fù)泵液力端故障的振動(dòng)診斷方案與整體性能診斷方案,并對(duì)往復(fù)泵液力端測(cè)試硬件系統(tǒng)的方案進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),提高了診斷測(cè)試方法在油田現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的可實(shí)施性。
[Abstract]:As an important reciprocating equipment in industry, reciprocating pump is widely used in oil drilling, oil and gas production. As the weak link of reciprocating pump, the hydraulic end often breaks down in use. Because of the complex structure of the hydraulic end and many exciting sources, it is difficult to diagnose the fault of the hydraulic end. It is very important to develop the fault diagnosis of reciprocating pump hydraulic end for improving the efficiency of oil field reciprocating pump and ensuring safe production. The fault of plunger wear and the fault of pump valve assembly are the focal points of this paper. The fault diagnosis of plunger wear is carried out by using time domain statistical index diagnosis method, and the fault characteristics of pump valve assembly are extracted by wavelet packet analysis method. The BP neural network is established in MATLAB, and the intelligent identification of hydraulic end faults is realized by using the created artificial neural network. These methods can be used in fault diagnosis of hydraulic end of reciprocating pump. The research work of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, on the basis of extensive investigation of domestic and foreign literature and field data, the working principle, common faults and fault causes of hydraulic end of reciprocating pump are analyzed. A simplified mechanical model of valve cover vibration is established, and the feasibility of hydraulic end fault diagnosis using vibration signal is discussed. It is pointed out that the non-stationarity and fault of the vibration signal at the hydraulic end are the main reasons for the change of the vibration signal. The fault test scheme of hydraulic end is designed, and the fault experiment is carried out on 3DS-1/12.5 reciprocating pump. Secondly, according to the non-stationary characteristic of vibration signal at hydraulic end, the time-domain statistical index diagnosis method is used to diagnose the plunger wear fault. The importance coefficient of each index is calculated, the diagnostic model of piston wear degree is established, and the wear degree of plunger is intuitively reflected by the value of fault degree, and the vibration signal of pump valve has non-stationary characteristic. On the basis of comparing and analyzing several time-frequency analysis methods, wavelet transform and wavelet packet transform are introduced to analyze vibration signal. In this paper, the maximum difference method of energy is proposed to determine the wavelet packet decomposition scheme. By establishing a diagnosis model of "frequency-energy-fault", the fault characteristics of different types and different degrees of pump valve components are extracted effectively. Then, the algorithm principle of BP neural network is introduced in detail, and the establishment and training of BP network are realized by using the improvement measure of BP network in MATLAB, and the intelligent identification of hydraulic end fault is realized by the created neural network. And the diagnostic accuracy is over 90%. Finally, aiming at the problems and shortcomings in the experiment, the vibration diagnosis scheme and the overall performance diagnosis scheme of hydraulic end fault of reciprocating pump are designed, and the scheme of testing hardware system of hydraulic end of reciprocating pump is designed. The practicability of diagnosis and test method in oil field is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH165.3

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉光恒,曾艷麗,孫震,秦臻,韓乃波,劉慶云;高壓水射流清洗機(jī)對(duì)稱角度布置液力端設(shè)計(jì)[J];清洗世界;2005年11期

2 張慶華;李宗義;;淺析往復(fù)式泥漿泵液力端結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化[J];中小企業(yè)管理與科技(下旬刊);2014年07期

3 方長(zhǎng)傳;;鉆井泵液力端的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)與焊接修理技術(shù)[J];長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自科版);2013年13期

4 蔣金泉;;淺談復(fù)合式高低壓缸液力端在四缸試壓泵中的應(yīng)用[J];價(jià)值工程;2014年06期

5 薛蘇玲;李洪波;康亮;周天明;張福;馮利杰;曾興昌;;F-1600泥漿泵液力端閥座的有限元分析[J];機(jī)械工程師;2009年08期

6 曾文;別鋒鋒;;往復(fù)柱塞泵液力端故障診斷方法研究[J];中國(guó)石油和化工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與質(zhì)量;2013年14期

7 葉曉琰;楊孫圣;許建強(qiáng);胡敬寧;;基于CFD技術(shù)的高壓泵液力端優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J];排灌機(jī)械;2008年06期

8 沈科君;裴峻峰;賀超;黃顯茹;;基于盲源分離的往復(fù)泵液力端故障機(jī)理[J];化工進(jìn)展;2014年03期

9 丁錫鋒;;電動(dòng)往復(fù)泵液力端常見(jiàn)故障原因及排除[J];石油和化工設(shè)備;2011年08期

10 ;往復(fù)泵工況綜合診斷儀[J];國(guó)外油田工程;2005年12期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 范春春;;油田常用特車(chē)泵液力端潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[A];第五屆設(shè)備管理第八屆設(shè)備潤(rùn)滑與液壓學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文集——《設(shè)備管理設(shè)備潤(rùn)滑與液壓技術(shù)》[C];2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 吳聚;往復(fù)泵液力端故障診斷研究[D];西南石油大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：2209888