【摘要】：輪式工程車輛作業(yè)工況復(fù)雜多變，全壽命載荷測(cè)試需要選擇不同的地區(qū)進(jìn)行，從而對(duì)車輛總體性能進(jìn)行估計(jì)。全壽命載荷測(cè)試的實(shí)驗(yàn)周期長，而且耗費(fèi)大量的人力、物力，通過研究裝載機(jī)測(cè)試的樣本載荷，建立典型工況的載荷譜，是實(shí)現(xiàn)分析與改進(jìn)現(xiàn)服役裝備、提高零部件可靠性的重要依據(jù)。載荷譜是對(duì)零部件的疲勞損傷預(yù)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)。 本文結(jié)合國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（編號(hào)50805065）：“輪式工程車輛傳動(dòng)系載荷譜關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究”開展，分析了小載荷濾除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，建立了基于多準(zhǔn)則的多工況最優(yōu)樣本長度確定的方法，編制了半軸的全壽命載荷譜且預(yù)測(cè)了疲勞壽命。 本文的具體內(nèi)容和主要結(jié)論如下： （1）獲取估計(jì)樣本量的有效載荷。從載荷循環(huán)和載荷極值點(diǎn)分析了裝載機(jī)半軸載荷特性，，基于疲勞損傷和POT理論提出了有效載荷的選取準(zhǔn)則，剔除了實(shí)際載荷包含大量不產(chǎn)生疲勞的小循環(huán)載荷情況。 （2）建立了基于載荷多個(gè)特性的最優(yōu)樣本長度確定方法。對(duì)經(jīng)典工程車輛載荷樣本長度確定方法的總結(jié)分析，對(duì)比各個(gè)方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，基于多準(zhǔn)則決策技術(shù)，確定出以載荷循環(huán)、載荷極值均值和載荷極值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為準(zhǔn)則的最優(yōu)樣本長度確定方法，分析并估計(jì)了大石方、小石方和原生土三種工況下載荷的樣本長度。 （3）多工況下半軸全壽命載荷譜的編制。通過對(duì)雨流計(jì)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的載荷幅值與載荷均值聯(lián)合概率密度函數(shù)進(jìn)行估計(jì)，獲得載荷的分布形式，由參數(shù)外推編制了半軸在大石方、小石方和原生土工況下的全壽命載荷譜。并依據(jù)已估計(jì)的最優(yōu)樣本長度編制了不同樣本長度外推的半軸全壽命載荷譜，驗(yàn)證了最優(yōu)樣本長度的有效性。 （4）半軸疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)。依據(jù)Miner線性疲勞累積假說，由ANSYS對(duì)半軸進(jìn)行有限元分析，再結(jié)合Nsoft和已編制的載荷譜對(duì)半軸進(jìn)行了疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)。 本文提出的基于多準(zhǔn)則最優(yōu)樣本長度的確定方法考慮了載荷的多個(gè)特性，所確定的樣本值更具有合理性，對(duì)工程機(jī)械領(lǐng)域樣本載荷測(cè)試和載荷譜的準(zhǔn)確編制具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Since the operating conditions of wheeled engineering vehicles are complex and changeable, the whole life load testing needs to be carried out in different areas, so as to estimate the overall performance of the vehicles. The whole life load test has a long experimental period and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. By studying the load of the load sample tested by the loader, the load spectrum of typical working condition is established, which is to realize the analysis and improvement of the equipment in service. The important basis for improving the reliability of parts. Load spectrum is the basis of fatigue damage prediction of parts. Based on the project (No. 50805065) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50805065): "Research on key Technologies of load Spectrum of wheeled Engineering vehicle Transmission system", the paper analyzes the standard of small load filtering. The method of determining the optimal sample length of multi-working conditions based on multi-criteria is established, and the full-life load spectrum of the half-shaft is compiled and the fatigue life is predicted. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the payload of estimating sample size is obtained. Based on the analysis of load cycle and load extremum, the load characteristics of loader semi-shaft are analyzed. Based on the theory of fatigue damage and POT, the selection criteria of payload are proposed. The actual load contains a large number of small cyclic loads without fatigue. (2) an optimal sample length determination method based on multiple load characteristics is established. This paper summarizes and analyzes the method of determining the load sample length of the classical engineering vehicle, compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and determines the load cycle based on the multi-criteria decision technology. The method of determining the optimal sample length based on the criterion of the mean value of load extremum and the standard deviation of load extremum is analyzed and estimated. Sample length of load under three conditions: small stone and primary soil. (3) compilation of full life load spectrum of half shaft under multiple working conditions. By estimating the joint probability density function between the load amplitude and the mean value of the load, the distribution form of the load is obtained, and the whole life load spectrum of the half-axis under the working conditions of the big stone square, the small stone side and the primary soil is derived from the parameter extrapolation. According to the estimated optimal sample length, the full life load spectrum of different sample length extrapolation is compiled, which verifies the validity of the optimal sample length. (4) the prediction of semi-axial fatigue life. According to the Miner's linear fatigue accumulation hypothesis, the semi-axial fatigue life is predicted by using ANSYS finite element analysis and combined with Nsoft and the load spectrum. The method proposed in this paper for determining the optimal sample length based on multi-criteria takes into account several characteristics of load, and the determined sample value is more reasonable. It has practical application value for sample load test and accurate compilation of load spectrum in the field of construction machinery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TH243

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