本文選題：數(shù)控車床 + 靜壓氣體軸承　； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：超精密加工技術(shù)是一門新興的綜合性加工技術(shù),是一個國家機械行業(yè)水平高低的重要體現(xiàn),也已經(jīng)成為衡量一個國家科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。航空航天、國防工業(yè)及微電子等高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)均和超精密加工技術(shù)密切相關(guān),超精密數(shù)控車床的研制與開發(fā)是超精密加工技術(shù)最主要的研究內(nèi)容之一。氣體軸承是近年來迅速發(fā)展起來的一種新型軸承,具有回轉(zhuǎn)精度高、使用壽命長、無污染和爬行等特點。隨著工業(yè)應(yīng)用對高速度、高精度加工技術(shù)的要求越來越高,精密數(shù)控車床的主軸系統(tǒng)采用回轉(zhuǎn)精度更高、溫升更小的氣體軸承支承將成為今后的發(fā)展趨勢。 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容是把靜壓氣體軸承的優(yōu)點與數(shù)控車床的精密加工要求相結(jié)合,嘗試對現(xiàn)有的數(shù)控車床主軸系統(tǒng)進行創(chuàng)新改造,利用數(shù)控車床精密加工時進給量小以及靜壓氣體軸承雖然承載相對較小,但是回轉(zhuǎn)精度高的特點,把小孔節(jié)流靜壓氣體軸承應(yīng)用于數(shù)控車床主軸支承以提高其加工精度。論文重點對氣體潤滑機理和靜壓氣體軸承的工作原理進行了深入探討和分析,運用有限元法將雷諾(Reynolds)方程離散化,采用超松弛迭代法和比例分割法對小孔節(jié)流靜壓氣體軸承的靜態(tài)特性進行分析和研究,確定了數(shù)控車床用小孔節(jié)流靜壓氣體軸承的基本參數(shù)；之后用小孔節(jié)流靜壓氣體軸承作為數(shù)控車床主軸支承,建立靜壓氣體軸承氣膜力模型,建立靜壓氣體軸承主軸轉(zhuǎn)子動力學(xué)模型,并對其主軸系統(tǒng)進行了動力學(xué)分析；最后,在Pro/E 4.0軟件中建立數(shù)控車床主軸的三維實體模型,將模型用IGES格式導(dǎo)入ANSYS Workbench 12.0軟件中進行了有限元分析,通過模態(tài)分析從而求解了數(shù)控車床主軸各階振型的固有頻率和臨界轉(zhuǎn)速；除此之外,還分析和討論了靜壓氣體軸承加工制造的要求和基本方法,設(shè)計出了靜壓氣體軸承主軸轉(zhuǎn)子試驗臺原理圖。本文通過理論分析和研究,為數(shù)控車床靜壓氣體軸承主軸系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)研究提供了一定的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ultra-precision machining technology is a new comprehensive processing technology, is an important embodiment of the level of machinery industry in a country, and has become one of the important symbols to measure the development level of science and technology in a country. High-tech industries such as aerospace, national defense industry and microelectronics are closely related to ultra-precision machining technology. The research and development of ultra-precision CNC lathe is one of the most important research contents of ultra-precision machining technology. Gas bearing is a new type bearing developed rapidly in recent years. It has the characteristics of high precision of rotation, long service life, no pollution and crawling. With the requirement of high speed and high precision machining technology applied in industry, the spindle system of precision NC lathe has higher rotary precision and the gas bearing with lower temperature rise will become the development trend in the future. The main content of this paper is to combine the advantages of static pressure gas bearing with the precision machining requirement of NC lathe, and try to innovate the existing spindle system of CNC lathe. In order to improve the machining accuracy, the small feed rate of CNC lathe and the relatively small bearing load of static gas bearing are used to improve the machining accuracy of the hydrostatic gas bearing with small orifice throttling in order to improve the machining accuracy. In this paper, the mechanism of gas lubrication and the working principle of hydrostatic gas bearing are discussed and analyzed in detail. The Reynolds equation is discretized by finite element method. The static characteristics of orifice throttle static gas bearing are analyzed and studied by overrelaxation iterative method and proportional partition method. The basic parameters of orifice throttle static gas bearing for CNC lathe are determined. After that, the static gas bearing with orifice throttling is used as the spindle support of NC lathe, the film force model of the static gas bearing is established, the rotor dynamics model of the hydrostatic gas bearing spindle is established, and the dynamic analysis of the spindle system is carried out. The 3D solid model of NC lathe spindle is established in Prop / E 4.0 software. The model is imported into ANSYS Workbench 12.0 software with IGES format for finite element analysis. Through modal analysis, the natural frequency and critical speed of the spindle modes of NC lathe are solved. In addition, the requirements and basic methods of machining and manufacturing static gas bearings are analyzed and discussed. The principle diagram of the test stand for the spindle rotor of the hydrostatic gas bearing is designed. Through theoretical analysis and research, this paper provides a certain theoretical basis for the dynamics study of hydrostatic bearing spindle system of NC lathe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH133.3;TG519.1

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