本文選題：門式起重機 + 優(yōu)化設(shè)計　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,門式起重機由于其場地利用率高和通用性強的特點在現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)進程中扮演著越來越重要的角色。而門式起重機橋架結(jié)構(gòu)重量約占整機自重的60%,因此,如何降低門式起重機橋架結(jié)構(gòu)的自重成為越來越多人關(guān)注的焦點。本文以某L型單梁門式起重機為例,利用傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計計算方法和有限元法對其結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。另一方面,門式起重機主梁腹板的局部穩(wěn)定性是影響整機性能的重要指標,因此,本文利用有限元法對局部載荷作用下的主梁腹板進行了屈曲分析。 本文首先從該門式起重機金屬結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的基本參數(shù)出發(fā),根據(jù)該門機的工作特點分析計算了不同工況下的受力情況,按門式起重機的傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法計算了該門機各結(jié)構(gòu)的性能指標,并采用Matlab編寫該門機各性能指標的計算程序。根據(jù)該門機的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,選取各構(gòu)件的截面參數(shù)為設(shè)計變量,以該門機結(jié)構(gòu)自重最輕為目標,以各結(jié)構(gòu)的性能指標為約束條件,建立了該門機的優(yōu)化模型。借助iSIGHT軟件優(yōu)化平臺,集成Matlab編寫地計算程序,采用多島遺傳算法對該門機進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,在滿足各約束條件的同時取得了較好的優(yōu)化結(jié)果。其次,利用APDL語言編寫了該門機的有限元優(yōu)化模型,為了提高優(yōu)化效率,利用響應(yīng)面法建立了該門機有限元優(yōu)化模型的近似模型,并將其與(?)SIGHT進行集成優(yōu)化。最后,將傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計計算方法和有限元優(yōu)化計算方法的優(yōu)化結(jié)果進行對比,分析比較了不同方法的特點和優(yōu)劣性,為門式起重機的優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供了參考。 考慮到門式起重機主梁腹板局部穩(wěn)定性對整機性能的影響,采用有限元法對局部載荷作用下的主梁腹板進行了屈曲分析。首先對門式起重機主梁腹板進行特征值屈曲分析,著重考慮了腹板厚度和翼緣板厚度對主梁腹板臨界載荷的影響。然后對主梁腹板進行了非線性屈曲分析,得出了不同初始缺陷的主梁腹板的載荷-位移曲線。最后將不同計算方法得出的局部載荷作用下主梁腹板局部穩(wěn)定臨界載荷進行對比。 本文為門式起重機的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計計算和有限元優(yōu)化設(shè)計計算提供了參考,并得出了不同優(yōu)化方法的優(yōu)劣,具有重要的理論價值和工程意義。對門式起重機主梁腹板進行屈曲分析,找出了局部載荷作用下影響主梁腹板局部穩(wěn)定性的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In recent years, gantry cranes play a more and more important role in the process of modern industry because of their high site utilization ratio and strong versatility. The weight of gantry crane bridge structure is about 60% of the whole machine weight. Therefore, how to reduce the weight of gantry crane bridge structure has become the focus of more and more people. In this paper, an L type single girder gantry crane is taken as an example, its structural system is optimized by traditional design calculation method and finite element method. On the other hand, the local stability of portal crane's main girder web is an important index to affect the performance of the whole machine. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the buckling of the main girder web under local load. Firstly, the basic parameters of the metal structure system of the gantry crane are discussed in this paper. According to the working characteristics of the portal crane, the stress situation under different working conditions is analyzed and calculated. The performance indexes of each structure of the portal crane are calculated according to the traditional design method of the gantry crane, and the calculation program of each performance index of the portal crane is compiled by Matlab. According to the structural form of the portal crane, the cross-section parameters of each member are selected as the design variables, the minimum weight of the portal crane is taken as the objective, and the performance index of each structure is taken as the constraint condition, and the optimization model of the portal crane is established. With the aid of iSIGHT software optimization platform, the optimization design of the portal crane is carried out by using multi-island genetic algorithm and integrated with the calculation program written by Matlab. The optimum results are obtained at the same time as each constraint condition is satisfied. Secondly, the finite element optimization model of the door crane is compiled by APDL language. In order to improve the optimization efficiency, the approximate model of the gate crane finite element optimization model is established by using the response surface method, and the model is integrated with SIGHT for optimization. Finally, the optimization results of traditional optimization design method and finite element optimization method are compared, and the characteristics and advantages of different methods are analyzed and compared. This paper provides a reference for the optimization design of gantry crane. Considering the influence of the local stability of the web plate of the main girder of the gantry crane on the performance of the whole machine, the buckling analysis of the web plate of the main girder under local load is carried out by using the finite element method. Firstly, the eigenvalue buckling analysis of portal crane main girder web is carried out, and the influence of web thickness and flange plate thickness on the critical load of main girder web is considered. Then the nonlinear buckling analysis of the main beam web is carried out and the load-displacement curve of the main beam web with different initial defects is obtained. Finally, the critical load of local stability of the main girder web under the action of local load obtained by different calculation methods is compared. This paper provides a reference for the traditional optimization design calculation and finite element optimization design calculation of gantry crane. The advantages and disadvantages of different optimization methods are obtained, which have important theoretical value and engineering significance. The buckling analysis of the web of the main girder of gantry crane is carried out, and the important factors influencing the local stability of the web of the main girder under local load are found out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.5

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊曉鷗;拱架對門式起重機金屬結(jié)構(gòu)受力影響研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2002571