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  本文選題：高空作業(yè)車　切入點：變幅機構(gòu)　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：高空作業(yè)車在各個領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用需求的急劇增加對產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的速度提出了挑戰(zhàn)。國外企業(yè)已具備生產(chǎn)系列化高空作業(yè)車產(chǎn)品的能力,其技術(shù)先進,安全可靠,能夠適應(yīng)市場需求,然而國內(nèi)企業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計水平較國外企業(yè)有較大差距,尤其對于超高型混合臂式高空作業(yè)車的設(shè)計,多數(shù)企業(yè)還處于模仿、試制階段,缺乏新方法和新設(shè)計理論的引入。 變幅機構(gòu)是改變高空作業(yè)車臂架幅度,使工作平臺能夠到達指定高度的工作機構(gòu),其設(shè)計在整機設(shè)計中占有重要地位,快速完成變幅機構(gòu)方案設(shè)計可以有效縮短整機方案設(shè)計的時間,加快產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的速度。傳統(tǒng)的變幅機構(gòu)設(shè)計方法是將類比法、作圖法和解析計算法相結(jié)合,但由于高空作業(yè)車計算工況復(fù)雜使得方案設(shè)計階段計算量較大,采用傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法要得到合理的變幅機構(gòu)比較耗時費力。課題以百米級混合臂式高空作業(yè)車為研究對象,將基于相似理論的設(shè)計方法引入到變幅機構(gòu)設(shè)計中,利用已有成熟可靠的產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫,快速完成新變幅機構(gòu)設(shè)計。 本文對兩種典型的變幅機構(gòu)進行了模型簡化并推導(dǎo)了變幅油缸及各鉸點的受力公式。研究了各桿件長度及鉸點位置的變化對變幅油缸所受最大力的影響。建立了混合臂式高空作業(yè)車上部結(jié)構(gòu)的ADAMS模型并對其進行仿真分析,將仿真分析的結(jié)果與解析法計算的結(jié)果進行對比,驗證了解析法推導(dǎo)的受力公式的正確性。 在掌握了兩種典型變幅機構(gòu)運動及受力特性的基礎(chǔ)上,將基于相似理論的相似優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法運用到變幅機構(gòu)設(shè)計中,,推導(dǎo)了變幅機構(gòu)的相似準(zhǔn)則及各參量的相似比。建立了折疊臂變幅機構(gòu)和主臂變幅機構(gòu)相似優(yōu)化設(shè)計數(shù)學(xué)模型,以變幅油缸所受最大力最小和油壓波動值最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),相似元中幾何尺寸相似比為設(shè)計變量,同時考慮相似約束條件和機構(gòu)性能約束條件,運用遺傳算法工具箱進行求解,完成了新變幅機構(gòu)設(shè)計。從動力學(xué)相似和運動學(xué)相似兩方面對變幅機構(gòu)相似性進行驗證,證明相似優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法的可行性。將相似優(yōu)化模型與縮尺模型進行對比,說明了相似優(yōu)化設(shè)計優(yōu)于縮尺設(shè)計。 本文采用的相似優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法,對其它具有相同變幅機構(gòu)形式的工程機械產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計同樣具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The rapid increase in the demand for aerial work vehicles in various fields has challenged the speed of product upgrading. Foreign enterprises already have the ability to produce serialized aerial work vehicles, and their technology is advanced, and they are safe and reliable. Can adapt to the market demand, but the domestic enterprise product design level has the big disparity compared with the foreign enterprise, especially for the design of the ultra-high hybrid arm type aerial vehicle, most enterprises are still in the stage of imitation and trial production. Lack of new methods and the introduction of new design theory. The luffing mechanism is a kind of working mechanism which can change the amplitude of the boom of the aerial working vehicle so that the working platform can reach the specified height, and its design plays an important role in the design of the whole machine. The quick completion of the scheme design of the luffing mechanism can effectively shorten the time of the scheme design of the whole machine and speed up the upgrading of the product. The traditional design method of the luffing mechanism is to combine analogy method, drawing method and analytical calculation method. However, due to the complexity of the calculation conditions of the aerial work vehicle, the calculation amount of the scheme design stage is large, so it takes time and effort to obtain a reasonable amplitude change mechanism by using the traditional design method. The subject takes the 100-meter hybrid arm type aerial work vehicle as the research object. The design method based on the similarity theory is introduced into the design of the luffing mechanism, and the design of the new luffing mechanism is completed quickly by using the existing mature and reliable product database. In this paper, the models of two typical luffing mechanisms are simplified and the force formulas of the variable amplitude oil cylinders and their hinge points are derived. The influence of the length of each member and the position of the hinge points on the variation of the variable amplitude oil cylinders is studied. The ADAMS model of the superstructure of the mixed arm aerial vehicle is presented and simulated. The result of simulation analysis is compared with the result of analytical method, which verifies the correctness of the force formula derived by the analytical method. On the basis of mastering the motion and force characteristics of two typical luffing mechanisms, The similarity optimization design method based on similarity theory is applied to the design of the luffing mechanism, the similarity criterion of the mechanism and the similarity ratio of each parameter are deduced, and the mathematical models of the similarity optimization design of the folding arm luffing mechanism and the main arm luffing mechanism are established. Taking the minimum of the maximum force and the minimum oil pressure fluctuation of the variable amplitude cylinder as the objective function, the geometric dimension similarity ratio in the similarity element as the design variable, and considering the similarity constraint condition and the mechanism performance constraint condition, the genetic algorithm toolbox is used to solve the problem. The similarity of the mechanism is verified from two aspects of dynamic similarity and kinematics similarity, and the feasibility of the similarity optimization design method is proved. The similarity optimization model is compared with the scale model. It is shown that the similarity optimization design is superior to the scale design. The similar optimization design method adopted in this paper also has certain reference value for the design of other construction machinery products with the same amplitude change mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH211.6

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本文編號：1671063