本文選題：塔式起重機　切入點：虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)　出處：《大連理工大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市化進程過程中,隨城市建筑單體高度增加及對作業(yè)效率的追求,建筑業(yè)中用于起升作業(yè)的塔式起重機(簡稱塔機)有了蓬勃發(fā)展,同時對塔機駕駛員也有了新的要求,首先,塔機的廣泛應用對塔機駕駛員的數(shù)量有了新的要求；其次,大型化、超大高度起升及視線范圍外作業(yè)對駕駛員操作科學性有了更高要求。限于傳統(tǒng)塔機駕駛員培訓方式的局限性,依靠一對一單人培訓,培訓內容相對有限,難以滿足新的要求。 在國外已有采用虛擬現(xiàn)實技術搭建虛擬系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)起重機作業(yè)模擬并最終通過虛擬系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)對起重機駕駛員培訓的案例。國內相關科研院校對起重機虛擬系統(tǒng)也有相關研究并取得了一定研究成果,但所構建的虛擬場景與真實作業(yè)環(huán)境的符合程度及視覺沉浸效果相對較差,理論培訓內容及方式不夠全面、直接。 本文針對國內現(xiàn)有研究中較突出的問題進行了相應研究,主要研究內容有： (1)虛擬場景整體真實性研究,通過人機交互的方式實現(xiàn)塔機虛擬作業(yè)場景與真實作業(yè)場景的一致性,即根據(jù)實際作業(yè)環(huán)境,人為實現(xiàn)作業(yè)地理位置、施工樓房模型、場景樓房模型、塔機類型等基本因素的設置,搭建與實際作業(yè)環(huán)境相一致的虛擬場景,改變以往虛擬場景真實性問題； (2)虛擬場景視覺效果沉浸性研究,根據(jù)人眼實際視覺感受,通過遠近場景相結合的方式,將場景劃分為三個層次,實現(xiàn)真實作業(yè)場景遠近層次感及視覺效果精確程度的模擬； (3)虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)觸覺沉浸效果研究,通過解析計算與有限元分析計算結合的方式完成塔身受力及位移變形分析,并以TC6020塔機為具體有限元分析計算案例,完成運動平臺驅動參數(shù)的理論研究； (4)理論培訓視頻的設計與實現(xiàn),通過三維動畫視頻演示、字幕及語音講解的形式,改變以往理論培訓形式,以更直接、更形象的方式完成塔機理論培訓及裝拆過程的指導,完善現(xiàn)有虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)培訓內容的全面性； (5)虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)整體搭建,以TC6020塔機為具體實例,完成塔機虛擬仿真系統(tǒng)的搭建。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, with the increase of building height and the pursuit of operational efficiency, tower cranes (tower cranes) used in lifting operations in the construction industry have developed vigorously, and new requirements for tower crane drivers have also been put forward. First, the widespread use of tower cranes has new requirements for the number of tower crane drivers. There is a higher requirement for the driver to operate scientifically in the oversized height hoisting and out of line of sight operation. Due to the limitation of the traditional training mode of the tower crane driver, the training content is relatively limited and it is difficult to meet the new requirements. In foreign countries, virtual reality technology has been used to build virtual system to realize crane operation simulation and finally to realize crane driver training through virtual system. Some related studies have been made and some research results have been obtained. But the degree of conformance between the virtual scene and the real work environment and the effect of visual immersion are relatively poor, and the theoretical training contents and methods are not comprehensive and direct. This article has carried on the corresponding research to the domestic existing research more prominent question, the main research content is:. 1) the research on the whole authenticity of the virtual scene realizes the consistency between the virtual operation scene of tower crane and the real operation scene by the way of man-machine interaction, that is, according to the actual working environment, the artificial realization of the geographical position of the operation, the construction of the building model, Setting up the basic factors such as scene building model, tower crane type and so on, setting up the virtual scene consistent with the actual working environment, changing the truthfulness of the former virtual scene; 2) Immersion study of visual effect of virtual scene. According to the actual visual feeling of human eyes, the scene is divided into three levels by the combination of far and near scene, which realizes the simulation of the sense of distance and near level and the degree of accuracy of visual effect of real working scene. 3) the tactile immersion effect of virtual simulation system is studied. The stress and displacement deformation analysis of tower body is accomplished by the combination of analytic calculation and finite element analysis, and the TC6020 tower crane is taken as the concrete case of finite element analysis and calculation. Complete the theoretical research of driving parameters of motion platform; 4) the design and implementation of theoretical training video, through 3D animation video demonstration, subtitle and voice explanation, to change the previous theoretical training form, and to complete the guidance of tower crane theory training and assembly and disassembly process in a more direct and more visual way. Improve the training content of the existing virtual simulation system; The TC6020 tower crane is taken as a concrete example to complete the building of the tower crane virtual simulation system.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH213.3

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