發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-14 20:02

  本文選題：離心泵　切入點(diǎn)：汽蝕　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：汽蝕現(xiàn)象是離心泵運(yùn)行中常見的損害,汽蝕對泵的安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行均有破壞性作用。因?yàn)槲瞎苈坊蚬艿涝O(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)際工況中泵的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)有差別,再加上大氣壓、溫度、介質(zhì)氣化壓力的變化常常加劇汽蝕的嚴(yán)重性,從而導(dǎo)致水泵的性能大大降低,流量減小,壓力損失加大,能耗增加,同時(shí)葉輪及葉片的使用壽命也大大降低,嚴(yán)重影響了泵站效益。對于投入運(yùn)行的泵,很難做到完全克服泵自身汽蝕性能引起汽蝕,可以利用科學(xué)有效的方法減少汽蝕對泵運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的影響。 葉片泵在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中并不一定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)在設(shè)計(jì)工況,甚至根本就不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)在設(shè)計(jì)工況,而故障和可靠性的問題卻常發(fā)生在非設(shè)計(jì)工況。無論在設(shè)計(jì)或使用方面,目前對汽蝕問題的認(rèn)識(shí)還是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,尚需在研究過程中不斷深化和發(fā)展,因此,要徹底解決這一問題還有很大的距離。 本文就離心泵的汽蝕問題,以目前的研究動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)合自來水生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的情況進(jìn)行論述。著重研究自來水生產(chǎn)工藝中取水泵站、送水泵站和加壓泵站的離心泵故障原因分析和對策措施。離心泵實(shí)際運(yùn)行中,造成故障的原因通常不是唯一的,而是綜合了各方面的因素影響,這就需要綜合應(yīng)用各科理論對故障進(jìn)行全面分析,特別是結(jié)合具體的水質(zhì)情況具體分析,找到最關(guān)鍵的解決問題的方法和對策。通過研究離心泵汽蝕磨損產(chǎn)生的原因,并結(jié)合自來水生產(chǎn)的實(shí)際需要,從優(yōu)化調(diào)度、節(jié)約能源、提高效率、降低檢修率和安全生產(chǎn)等方面展開,從使用者的角度提出切實(shí)可行的預(yù)防措施和改進(jìn)方法。在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上針對離心泵各類故障的原因從偏離設(shè)計(jì)工況范圍運(yùn)行、吸上條件、水質(zhì)、葉輪材質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)行分析,通過取樣實(shí)驗(yàn)、泵站運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,尋求理論上的依據(jù)和解決措施,以選擇最優(yōu)處理方式,探討經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的對策措施。
[Abstract]:Cavitation is a common damage in the operation of centrifugal pump. Cavitation has a destructive effect on the safety and economical operation of the pump, because the design of suction pipeline or pipeline is different from the operating state of the pump in actual working conditions, plus atmospheric pressure and temperature. The variation of the pressure of medium gasification often intensifies the severity of cavitation, which results in the performance of the pump greatly reduced, the flow rate reduced, the pressure loss increased, the energy consumption increased, and the service life of the impeller and blade greatly reduced. It is difficult to completely overcome the cavitation caused by the cavitation performance of the pump itself, and the scientific and effective method can be used to reduce the influence of cavitation on the operating state of the pump. In practical application, the vane pump does not necessarily run in the design condition, or even does not run in the design condition at all, but the problems of fault and reliability often occur in the off-design condition. At present, the understanding of cavitation problem is far from enough, and it still needs to be deepened and developed in the course of research. Therefore, there is still a long way to go to solve this problem thoroughly. In this paper, the cavitation problem of centrifugal pump is discussed in the light of the current research trends combined with the practice of tap water production, and the water pumping station in tap water production process is emphatically studied. Cause analysis and countermeasures of centrifugal pump failure in feed pump station and pressurized pump station. In actual operation of centrifugal pump, the cause of failure is usually not the only one, but the influence of various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively apply the theories of various disciplines to the comprehensive analysis of the faults, especially to find out the most critical methods and countermeasures for solving the problems by combining the concrete analysis of the water quality. Through the study of the causes of cavitation wear of centrifugal pumps, the causes of cavitation wear and tear of centrifugal pumps are studied. Combined with the actual needs of tap water production, from the aspects of optimizing scheduling, saving energy, improving efficiency, reducing overhaul rate and safety production, etc. Practical preventive measures and improvement methods are put forward from the point of view of users. On the basis of production practice, the causes of various failures of centrifugal pumps are analyzed from the aspects of deviating from the design operating conditions, suction conditions, water quality, impeller material, etc. Through sampling experiment and operation data analysis of pumping station, the theoretical basis and solving measures are sought, in order to select the optimal treatment mode and to discuss the economic and feasible countermeasures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH311

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