本文選題：離心壓縮機　切入點：裂紋　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：離心壓縮機在國民經(jīng)濟和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的許多領(lǐng)域中一直占有舉足輕重的地位。葉輪是離心壓縮機非常重要的機構(gòu),其動力特性的優(yōu)劣直接影響壓縮機是否安全平穩(wěn)的運行,而葉輪上的葉片在高速轉(zhuǎn)動的過程中由于本身制造的微小差異和外部環(huán)境等因素的影響,會逐漸產(chǎn)生細(xì)微裂紋,這種葉片特性的微小變化(即失諧)可能會使葉片產(chǎn)生較大的受迫振動,應(yīng)力也會明顯增加,增加的應(yīng)力可能會導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)強度的破壞,加速離心壓縮機的老化破損。這種失諧所誘發(fā)的事故在旋轉(zhuǎn)類機械事故中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。 本文通過建立質(zhì)量彈簧模型來模擬離心壓縮機葉輪的動力學(xué)特性,建立動力學(xué)方程后,根據(jù)方程來推導(dǎo)兩種裂紋不同深度時葉輪上的葉片所對應(yīng)的剛度,尋找其中的變化規(guī)律。然后,利用ANSYS建立葉輪的有限元模型,得到了無裂紋葉片的剛度和葉片之間的耦合剛度。最后,通過適當(dāng)簡化,利用AMESim軟件建立了與實際模型相對應(yīng)的集中參數(shù)模型,同時在時域和頻域中進行相應(yīng)的計算。 本文最后歸納總結(jié)了裂紋深度、裂紋組合、耦合剛度等對于系統(tǒng)固有頻率及振動響應(yīng)的影響,其中裂紋深度對葉輪固有頻率及振幅影響顯著,分析結(jié)果對于進一步根據(jù)模態(tài)及振動響應(yīng)判斷離心壓縮機葉輪損傷提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor has been playing an important role in many fields of national economy and industrial production. Impeller is a very important mechanism of centrifugal compressor. In the process of high speed rotation of the blade on the impeller, due to the small difference of the blade made by itself and the influence of the external environment and other factors, the slight cracks will be gradually produced in the process of rotating the impeller at high speed. A slight change in the blade characteristics (i.e. detuning) may cause a larger forced vibration of the blade and a significant increase in the stress, which may lead to the destruction of the structural strength. Aging and breakage of accelerated centrifugal compressor. Accidents caused by detuning often occur in rotating mechanical accidents. In this paper, the mass spring model is established to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the impeller of centrifugal compressor. After the establishment of the dynamic equation, the stiffness of the blade on the impeller with two kinds of cracks at different depths is deduced according to the equation. Then the finite element model of impeller is established by using ANSYS to obtain the stiffness of crack free blade and the coupling stiffness between blades. The lumped parameter model corresponding to the actual model is established by using AMESim software, and the corresponding calculation is carried out in the time domain and the frequency domain at the same time. Finally, the effects of crack depth, crack combination and coupling stiffness on the natural frequency and vibration response of the system are summarized, among which the crack depth has a significant effect on the inherent frequency and amplitude of the impeller. The results provide theoretical basis for judging impeller damage of centrifugal compressor according to modal and vibration response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH452

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