本文關(guān)鍵詞：機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識設(shè)計及評價方法研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境意識設(shè)計 環(huán)境影響評價 生命周期評價 生命周期成本 TRIZ

【摘要】：伴隨著科技進步和工業(yè)化進程,人類賴以生存的地球環(huán)境受到巨大破壞,表現(xiàn)在氣候變暖、臭氧層耗竭、環(huán)境污染、資源匱乏、生物多樣性銳減等諸多方面。面對嚴峻的生存和發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn),可持續(xù)發(fā)展已成為眾多國家的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。產(chǎn)品設(shè)計可以從源頭上減少對環(huán)境的負面影響,是影響可持續(xù)發(fā)展最重要的一部分。研究者已提出大量環(huán)境意識設(shè)計方法和工具并將其融入設(shè)計過程,但對如何平衡環(huán)境意識設(shè)計過程中的眾多因素缺乏必要研究,特別是對如何平衡生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本以改進設(shè)計缺乏研究,而且如何綜合利用這些方法和工具建立具有一定普適性的設(shè)計框架也存在問題。為此,本文從理論和應(yīng)用的角度對集成環(huán)境影響評價和生命周期成本的機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識設(shè)計方法進行了研究,主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 第一章闡述了論文的研究背景和環(huán)境意識設(shè)計相關(guān)概念,對環(huán)境意識設(shè)計、環(huán)境影響評價和生命周期成本的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進行了綜述和分析,在對研究綜述總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上提出了論文的研究問題,最后給出了論文主要研究內(nèi)容及組織結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章提出了集成環(huán)境影響評價和生命周期成本的環(huán)境意識設(shè)計模型,運用環(huán)境意識設(shè)計參考模型描述環(huán)境意識設(shè)計過程。分析了生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本的形成及關(guān)系,利用環(huán)境影響-成本矩陣、基于價值工程的集成方法和多設(shè)計要素的平衡模型對生命周期環(huán)境影響和成本進行權(quán)衡。最后給出了環(huán)境意識設(shè)計方案綜合評價方法以及環(huán)境意識設(shè)計實施方法的參考模型。 第三章分析了TRIZ與環(huán)境意識設(shè)計的關(guān)系,提出了集成TRIZ的機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識設(shè)計過程框架和基于TRIZ融合RBR和CBR的機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識設(shè)計過程框架,并對案例表示、案例匹配算法、設(shè)計沖突的消解和機電產(chǎn)品生態(tài)效率的改善等相關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行了研究。 第四章分析了機電產(chǎn)品生命周期環(huán)境影響類型和產(chǎn)生環(huán)境影響的過程,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響簡化評價模型和方法。系統(tǒng)地闡述了機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響因素的識別和分類、生態(tài)指數(shù)的計算方法、簡化評價范圍的確定和環(huán)境影響數(shù)據(jù)的獲取方法等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。最后建立了機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境影響簡化評價的結(jié)構(gòu)分析、相關(guān)分析和敏感性分析等分析方法,為改進和優(yōu)化機電產(chǎn)品生態(tài)性提供了反饋信息。 第五章分析了機電產(chǎn)品生命周期成本的構(gòu)成并提出了機電產(chǎn)品的生命周期成本(包括環(huán)境成本)估算和分析方法。將環(huán)境成本納入生命周期成本,拓寬了生命周期成本的涵義,揭示了機電產(chǎn)品更真實全面的生命周期成本,實現(xiàn)了生命周期環(huán)境影響評價和生命周期成本的有機集成。按照先分解后估算的思想,分面向改進設(shè)計和面向新設(shè)計兩種情形進行估算方法的論述。最后通過對生命周期成本的帕累托分析等分析方法為改進機電產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、提高機電產(chǎn)品經(jīng)濟性提供了指導(dǎo)性建議。 第六章以某企業(yè)工業(yè)汽輪機及其主要零部件(轉(zhuǎn)子、汽缸和葉片)為例,進行生命周期環(huán)境影響簡化評價和分析、生命周期成本(包括環(huán)境成本)估算和分析。根據(jù)評價、估算和分析的結(jié)果給出改進設(shè)計的指導(dǎo)性建議,幫助設(shè)計者改善它們的生態(tài)性和經(jīng)濟性,從而驗證了前述機電產(chǎn)品環(huán)境意識設(shè)計方法的可行性。 第七章對全文進行了總結(jié),并對課題未來的研究方向進行了展望。
[Abstract]:Along with the progress of science and technology and industrialization, the environment for human survival is the huge damage in climate warming, ozone depletion, environmental pollution, lack of resources, loss of biodiversity and other aspects. In the face of grave challenges of survival and development, sustainable development has become the development strategy for many countries. Product design can reduce the negative the impact on the environment from the source, is the most important part of sustainable development. Researchers have proposed a lot of environmental consciousness design methods and tools and integrated into the design process, but the lack of the necessary research on many factors how to balance environmental awareness in the design process, especially on how to balance life cycle environmental impact and cost in order to improve the study design and lack of comprehensive utilization of these methods and tools have a certain general adaptability established design framework is also problematic. Therefore, From the point of view of theory and application, this paper studies the design method of environmental awareness of electromechanical products based on integrated environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost.
The first chapter describes the research background and design concepts of environmental awareness, environmental awareness, environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost of the research at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed to propose the research question on the basis of review and summary, the main research contents and organization structure is given.
The second chapter puts forward the evaluation model of environmentally conscious design and life cycle cost of integrated environment, using environmentally conscious design reference model to describe the environmental awareness of the design process. The author analyzes the formation and the relationship between the life cycle environmental impact and cost, the environmental impact cost matrix, affect the balance of model integration method of value engineering and design elements of based on the life cycle environmental and cost trade-off. Finally, a reference model of implementation method of comprehensive evaluation of environmental awareness and environmental awareness of design methods of design are given.
The third chapter analyzes the relationship between TRIZ and environmental conscious design, proposed the design process of mechanical and electrical products environmental awareness framework and integration of TRIZ and based on the environmental awareness of design process of mechanical and electrical products of TRIZ fusion RBR and CBR framework, and the case representation, case matching algorithm, the key technology of design conflict digestion and mechanical and electrical products eco efficiency improvement correlation was studied.
The fourth chapter analyzes the life cycle environmental impact type of electromechanical products and environmental impacts of the process are put forward based on the simplified model and method to evaluate environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products. Systematically expounded the environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products to identify and classify the factors and calculation method of ecological index, the key technology to simplify the evaluation scope and environmental impact data the acquisition method. Finally established analysis simplified the structure of the environmental impact assessment of mechanical and electrical products, correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis method, for the improvement and optimization of mechanical and electrical products ecological provides feedback information.
The fifth chapter analyzes the structure of life cycle cost of electromechanical products and put forward the life cycle cost of mechanical and electrical products (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. The environmental cost is included in the life cycle cost, broaden the life cycle cost of the meaning, reveals the life cycle cost of electromechanical products more realistic and comprehensive, the life cycle environmental impact integrated assessment and life cycle cost. According to the decomposition estimation idea oriented design and improvement for the new design of two kinds of situations were discussed. Finally, the estimation method of Pareto analysis of life cycle cost for improving the design of mechanical and electrical products, provide guidance and advice to improve the economic efficiency of mechanical and electrical products.
In the sixth chapter, some enterprises of industrial steam turbine and its main components (cylinder and rotor blade) as an example, to simplify the evaluation and analysis of environmental impact in the life cycle, life cycle cost (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. According to the evaluation, estimation and analysis results are given to improve the design of the guidance, help to improve the ecological and economic they are designers, which verifies the feasibility of the design method of environmental awareness of mechanical and electrical products.
The seventh chapter makes a summary of the full text, and looks forward to the future research direction of the subject.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TH122

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