本文關(guān)鍵詞：80型輪式裝載機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 輪式裝載機(jī) 結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng) 多體動(dòng)力學(xué) 模態(tài)分析 穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)

【摘要】：輪式裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中,由于工作環(huán)境往往比較惡劣、行駛路況較差以及承載重量較大,致使在崎嶇不平的路面上行駛時(shí),裝載機(jī)振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象較為顯著,這不但對(duì)整車的結(jié)構(gòu)造成不利影響,還限制了裝載機(jī)向高速化、高效化方向的發(fā)展。隨著客戶對(duì)工程車輛平順性、安全性、舒適性及高效性等要求的提高,裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中的振動(dòng)問題也受到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。裝載機(jī)的行駛平順性、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及輪胎減振性等研究需要對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析,整車結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)分析也是以振動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的動(dòng)態(tài)分析范疇。為最大限度的降低振動(dòng)對(duì)裝載機(jī)的影響,提高整車結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性及行駛平順性,有必要對(duì)裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究,分析整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)在行駛過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。 本文對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的研究得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“輪式工程車輛傳動(dòng)系載荷譜關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：50805065)的資助。論文以80型輪式裝載機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)行駛過(guò)程中的整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。建立油缸動(dòng)態(tài)特性模型,分析了不同因素對(duì)油缸剛度和阻尼特性的影響；根據(jù)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)基本理論,建立了裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,對(duì)裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中的不同工況進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析；建立整車結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型,對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析；在工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)中安裝行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng),利用建立的整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,對(duì)裝載機(jī)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析,研究了行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的減振性能。 論文的主要工作和內(nèi)容如下： (1)闡述了本文的選題背景及意義；通過(guò)查閱和分析大量文獻(xiàn)資料,綜述了工程車輛國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況；描述了輪式裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中存在的一些問題,并結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外工程車輛的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,敘述了本文研究的基本方法和主要工作內(nèi)容。 (2)對(duì)工作裝置進(jìn)行受力分析,推出了行駛工況下油缸作用力公式；分析了裝載機(jī)工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)工作原理,建立了油缸的動(dòng)態(tài)特性模型；分析影響動(dòng)臂油缸和轉(zhuǎn)斗油缸動(dòng)態(tài)特性的參數(shù),研究了載重量、路面特征、工作裝置舉升高度、油缸液壓油泄漏以及液壓油本身特性等因素對(duì)油缸動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響,為整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)建模及多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。 (3)闡述了裝載機(jī)輪胎模型的選取方法,確定了輪胎模型的相應(yīng)參數(shù),建立了輪胎動(dòng)力學(xué)模型；通過(guò)分析路面不平度理論,建立了3D等效容積路面模型；論述了油缸力學(xué)模型和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)激勵(lì)模型的建立方法；研究了建立整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)虛擬樣機(jī)模型的方法,包括三維實(shí)體模型建立,數(shù)據(jù)文件轉(zhuǎn)換,整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)拓?fù)浼s束關(guān)系確定,相應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)和約束的設(shè)置等；將整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)添加輪胎模型和3D等效容積路面模型,建立了裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。 (4)通過(guò)確定整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)仿真參數(shù),針對(duì)行駛工況下整車的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),建立了裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型；選取行駛過(guò)程中的不同工況,重點(diǎn)對(duì)裝載機(jī)滿載高速行駛和空載高速行駛工況進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,得到了關(guān)鍵部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)特性和動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,同時(shí)分析了各鉸接點(diǎn)的動(dòng)態(tài)載荷特性；并對(duì)前進(jìn)行駛舉升卸料工況、倒退行駛工作裝置下降工況及轉(zhuǎn)向行駛工況進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析；研究了裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中車速、路面特征、工作裝置舉升高度等因素對(duì)裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性和行駛性能的影響；針對(duì)油缸的支撐特性,分析和比較了彈性油缸和剛性油缸對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)影響；將整車結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化模型與虛擬樣機(jī)模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,研究了隨機(jī)路面特征和工作裝置懸置結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)影響；研究表明,整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模型可以較好的模擬裝載機(jī)行駛過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,分析結(jié)果更加接近工程實(shí)際。 (5)根據(jù)有限元單元法建立了裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型,利用有限元軟件對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得到了滿載和空載工況下整車結(jié)構(gòu)的固有頻率和固有振型；從路面不平度激勵(lì)、輪胎激勵(lì)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)激勵(lì)等方面對(duì)整車的行駛性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)估和分析,為整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)度、可靠性及減振性能分析提供了一定的理論依據(jù)。 (6)針對(duì)裝載機(jī)行駛工況下存在的問題,在裝載機(jī)工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)中安裝行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng),分析行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)的剛度特性和阻尼特性,并對(duì)安裝行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)的裝載機(jī)進(jìn)行了整車結(jié)構(gòu)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。研究行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的減振性能,通過(guò)對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,分析了行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)的減振效果。行駛穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)分析為降低路面不平度對(duì)整車結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)和沖擊,提高整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的可靠性與行駛穩(wěn)定性提供了依據(jù)。 最后對(duì)全文進(jìn)行了總結(jié),提出了幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步開展的研究工作。 本文針對(duì)裝載機(jī)行駛工況特殊性,運(yùn)用多體動(dòng)力學(xué)、有限元等理論及方法建立了裝載機(jī)整車結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)模型,對(duì)裝載機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行多體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,系統(tǒng)描述了行駛過(guò)程中的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性,將結(jié)果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)與分析,為提高輪式裝載機(jī)的行駛性能與結(jié)構(gòu)可靠性提供一定的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Wheel loader driving process, often because the working environment is relatively poor, poor road conditions and driving load is larger, resulting in driving in the rugged road, loader vibration phenomenon is significant, which not only adversely affect the structure of the vehicle, but also limit the loader to high speed, efficient development direction. With customers on engineering vehicle ride comfort, safety, comfort and efficiency improvement, the vibration problem of the loader in the running process has attracted more and more attention. The loader ride, launched the research on machine and tire vibration need to study the dynamic characteristic of structure dynamic analysis, modal category the analysis is based on the vehicle structure vibration based. In order to minimize the effects of vibration on the loader, improve the reliability of the whole structure and ride comfort, it is necessary to loader The whole vehicle structure system is studied, and the dynamic characteristics of the whole vehicle structure system in the course of driving are analyzed.
This paper studies on the structure of the system by National Natural Science Foundation Project "wheel engineering vehicle transmission system research on the key technology of load spectrum" (project number: 50805065) of China. The 80 type wheel loader as the research object, analyze the multi-body dynamics of vehicle structure system in the running process of the establishment of dynamic model of cylinder. And analyzes the influence of different factors on cylinder stiffness and damping characteristics; according to the basic theory of multi-body dynamics, a dynamic vehicle loading machine structure system model of the loader in the running process of different working conditions of structure analysis of multibody system dynamics; the establishment of vehicle structure finite element model of vehicle structure modal analysis; installation of driving stability system in hydraulic system of working device, using the dynamic model of vehicle structure system, the dynamic characteristics of loader The damping performance of the driving stability system to the whole vehicle structure system is studied by the sex analysis.
The main work and content of this paper are as follows:
(1) describes the background and significance of this paper; through the inspection and analysis of a large number of literature, research situation of engineering vehicles at home and abroad were reviewed; describes some problems in the running process of the wheel loader, and combined with the development status of domestic and foreign vehicle engineering, describes the basic method and main content of this paper.
(2) the force analysis of the working device, introduced the driving force of the cylinder formula under the condition of loading; analysis of the working principle of machine working device hydraulic system, established a dynamic model of the cylinder; analysis of the impact of the boom cylinder and cylinder parameters of dynamic characteristics, research the load, road characteristics, height of work the lifting device, the influence of hydraulic oil and hydraulic oil leakage characteristic factors on the dynamic characteristics of the cylinder, the analysis lays the foundation for the modeling of vehicle structure system and multi-body dynamics.
(3) describes the selection method of loader tire model, the corresponding parameters of the tire model is determined, a tire dynamics model; through the analysis of road roughness theory, established the 3D equivalent volume road model; discusses the method to establish the mechanical model of cylinder and engine excitation model; the paper studies the method of building the virtual prototype system of vehicle structure the model, including the establishment of 3D entity model, the data file conversion, determine the vehicle structure system topological constraints and the corresponding motion and constraint set; add the vehicle structure system of tire model and 3D equivalent volume road model, established the structure model of vehicle dynamics loading machine.
(4) by determining the relevant simulation of vehicle structural parameters, according to the structure characteristics of the vehicle driving conditions, a loader vehicle structure dynamics model; selection of different conditions in the running process, analyzes the structure of multibody system dynamics of loader loaded with high speed and high load driving conditions, the kinematics characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of key components, and analyzes the dynamic load characteristics of each joint point; and the forward driving lifting unloading conditions, working conditions and falling back running device for driving steering dynamic characteristics analysis; on the running speed of the loader, road characteristics, factors lifting height on the impact loading the dynamic characteristics of machine structure and vehicle driving performance; according to the characteristic of oil cylinder support, analysis and comparison of the elastic cylinder and the cylinder of the whole rigid The dynamic effect of vehicle structure system; the whole structure simplified model and virtual prototype model analysis, dynamic effects of random surface characteristics and working device mounting structure of vehicle structure system; dynamic characteristic simulation research shows that the dynamic simulation model can be applied to the vehicle structure system of loader in the running process, the results more close to the actual project.
(5) the finite element model of loader vehicle structure is established based on the finite element method, modal analysis of vehicle structure system by using finite element software, the structure of full load and no-load conditions of natural frequency and vibration mode; excitation from road roughness, wheel tire and engine excitations etc. evaluation and analyze the driving performance of vehicle, vehicle system structure strength, provides a theoretical basis for the reliability analysis and damping performance.
(6) according to the running problems of loader, installation of stable driving system in hydraulic loader system, analysis of stiffness characteristics and damping characteristics of stable driving system, and the installation of driving loader stable system analyzed the vehicle structure. Multi body dynamic damping performance of driving system for stability the whole structure of the system, through the comparative analysis of calculation results, analysis of damping effect of the system on the vehicle driving stability structure. Analysis of driving stability system to reduce the vibration and impact of road roughness on the vehicle structure, provides basis for improving the reliability of the whole structure of the system and driving stability.
Finally, the full text is summarized, and some further research work is put forward.
According to the special conditions of driving loaders, the use of multi-body dynamics, finite element theory and method to establish the loader vehicle structure system model of multi body dynamics analysis of the loader system structure, the system describes the dynamic characteristics of structure system in the running process, the results of evaluation and analysis, to provide a basis for as the driving performance and structure to improve the reliability of wheel loader.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：TH243

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