激光熔覆鎳基單晶合金過程中晶體生長(zhǎng)和組織分布的研究
[Abstract]:The nickel-based single-crystal high-temperature alloy is widely used as a material for high-pressure turbine blades of modern gas turbines because of its excellent high-temperature creep and high-temperature fatigue properties. The material and manufacturing cost of the nickel-based single-crystal turbine blade are high, and the service life of the nickel-based single-crystal turbine blade is high, and the service life of the nickel-based single-crystal turbine blade is affected by various defects such as fatigue crack, loss of tip quality, The cost of the nickel-based single-crystal turbine blade is a significant part of the maintenance of the gas turbine. By detecting and repairing the damaged blades, the service life of the damaged blades can be prolonged, the maintenance cost of the gas turbine can be reduced, and a large amount of expensive alloy materials are saved. Laser powder-feeding and cladding technology has been used as a high-efficiency repair technology for blade tip net-forming and repair of polycrystalline alloy blades. In that nickel-based single-crystal alloy blade, only the single-crystal tissue which is consistent with the substrate is kept in the repair area, so that the mechanical property of the repaired single-crystal blade can not be reduced, and the successful repair can be realized. At present, the nickel-based single-crystal turbine blade is mainly manufactured by the investment casting method. The investment casting method has the defects of long production period, high cost, high failure rate and easy production of casting defects, and the like, and the manufacturing cost of the single crystal blade is high. Laser powder-feeding and cladding technology can be used to directly form parts of various materials, such as CAD, CAM and feedback control. Therefore, the laser powder feeding and cladding technology can not only be used for the repair of single crystal turbine blades, but also provides the feasibility of directly and rapidly forming single crystal turbine blades. And the key of using the laser technology to directly clean the single crystal blade is to realize the continuous growth of the single crystal tissue in the multi-layer multi-channel laser cladding process. However, in the process of laser-feeding and cladding of single crystal alloy, the crystal growth in the molten pool is affected by many factors, and it is very difficult to control. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transmission phenomenon and the mechanism of single crystal growth and the distribution of the structure in the process of the laser-feeding and cladding of the Ni-based single crystal alloy, which can also contribute to the development of the single-crystal blade repair and manufacturing technology. In order to better understand the transmission of laser powder in the process of single crystal alloy, a three-dimensional transient numerical model is established in this study. The numerical model is used to quantitatively study the laser-powder interaction, heat conduction, melting, solidification, liquid metal flow field, remelting and lapping. The effects of laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding rate on the transmission are also discussed. On the basis of the established three-dimensional numerical model, a new crystal growth model was established and coupled into the previous three-dimensional model to calculate the crystal growth behavior and the distribution of the microstructure in the cladding layer during the solidification of the molten pool. The effects of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, coaxial nozzle inclination angle and substrate crystal orientation on the crystal growth and microstructure distribution are calculated and compared with the experimental results. Aiming at the tip repair of single crystal blade, the process parameters of continuous growth of single crystal are optimized in the process of laser thin-wall cladding. On this basis, the crystal growth and tissue distribution in the laser multi-layer multi-channel cladding process are further studied, and the effects of the lapping rate and the scanning path on the crystal growth and the microstructure distribution are also analyzed. On the basis of the numerical simulation results, a mathematical model is constructed to calculate the process window of the continuous growth of the single crystal tissue. At the same time, through the numerical simulation and the experimental results, the mechanism of the crack in the process of multi-layer multi-channel laser cladding single crystal alloy is analyzed, and the auxiliary process method is designed to control the appearance of the crack. Finally, the feasibility of laser repair and the manufacture of single crystal blade is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:TG665;TG132.3
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