【摘要】：本研究課題來(lái)源于本校與杭州××數(shù)控機(jī)床有限公司的合作項(xiàng)目,主要將用于加工曲軸端面的臥式曲軸端面加工中心的設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)作為研究?jī)?nèi)容。由于曲軸外形結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,傳統(tǒng)的臥式車(chē)削和立式銑削已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法達(dá)到曲軸越來(lái)越高的加工要求及效率。鑒于企業(yè)需求及現(xiàn)有機(jī)床存在的不足,本文對(duì)曲軸端面加工中心進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化從而改善其動(dòng)態(tài)性能,這對(duì)提高曲軸端面加工效率和精度有著重要的意義。本文對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)曲軸端面加工中心的研究現(xiàn)狀,分析在機(jī)床動(dòng)態(tài)性能研究上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及不足之處,并根據(jù)曲軸的自身特點(diǎn)以及對(duì)曲軸加工的功能需求,對(duì)曲軸端面加工中心主要功能進(jìn)行分析,以經(jīng)濟(jì)性、高性能為原則對(duì)曲軸端面加工中心進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。建立臥式曲軸端面加工中心三維模型及其力學(xué)模型,結(jié)合采用ADAMS對(duì)模型進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真,得到在滿(mǎn)足功能要求的情況下重要部件的位移、速度、加速度等運(yùn)動(dòng)特性和受力情況,驗(yàn)證了加工中心部件運(yùn)動(dòng)的合理性,并為后續(xù)的電器選型和力學(xué)分析提供了重要的理論依據(jù)。建立曲軸端面加工中心的有限元模型,通過(guò)ANSYS Workbench對(duì)其重要部件進(jìn)行靜態(tài)特性分析,得到部件的應(yīng)力分布及變形情況,并對(duì)其中靜剛度薄弱環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)優(yōu)化;通過(guò)對(duì)曲軸端面加工中心進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)性能分析,得到機(jī)床的固有頻率及振型,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析,研究機(jī)床動(dòng)態(tài)性能薄弱環(huán)節(jié),并進(jìn)行改進(jìn)優(yōu)化;通過(guò)靜、動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析并經(jīng)過(guò)合理優(yōu)化后進(jìn)行優(yōu)化前后對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化的可行性,達(dá)到了在提高部件動(dòng)態(tài)性能的同時(shí)也節(jié)省了材料的目的。本文對(duì)臥式曲軸端面加工中心結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)床床身采用正T型整體式設(shè)計(jì)、主軸箱非重心驅(qū)動(dòng)并配合非對(duì)稱(chēng)式立柱,這使得機(jī)床整體結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,并對(duì)改善機(jī)床的動(dòng)態(tài)性能有重要的意義。對(duì)加工中心的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究,并未涉及機(jī)床上的電器及控制系統(tǒng),需具體考慮后續(xù)選型安裝;本文中加工中心的分析與研究在計(jì)算機(jī)環(huán)境中完成,沒(méi)有相應(yīng)實(shí)物樣機(jī)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),因此還需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:This research project comes from the cooperation project between our school and Hangzhou 脳 脳 NC Machine tool Co., Ltd. It mainly focuses on the design and improvement of horizontal crankshaft end surface machining center used for crankshaft end face processing. Because of the special shape and structure of the crankshaft, the traditional horizontal turning and vertical milling can not meet the higher machining requirements and efficiency of the crankshaft. In view of the needs of enterprises and the shortcomings of existing machine tools, this paper designs the structure of the crankshaft end surface machining center and optimizes the structure to improve its dynamic performance, which is of great significance to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the crankshaft end face machining. This paper compares the research status of crankshaft face machining center at home and abroad, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the research on the dynamic performance of machine tools, and according to the characteristics of crankshaft and the functional requirements of crankshaft machining, The main functions of crankshaft end surface machining center are analyzed and the structure of crankshaft end face machining center is designed based on the principle of economy and high performance. The 3D model of horizontal crankshaft face machining center and its mechanical model are established, and the kinematics and dynamics simulation of the model is carried out by using ADAMS. The displacement and velocity of important parts are obtained when the functional requirements are satisfied. The motion characteristics such as acceleration and force condition verify the rationality of the motion of machining center parts, and provide an important theoretical basis for the subsequent electrical equipment selection and mechanical analysis. The finite element model of crankshaft end surface machining center is established, and the static characteristics of its important parts are analyzed by ANSYS Workbench. The stress distribution and deformation of the parts are obtained, and the weak links of static stiffness are improved and optimized. Through the dynamic performance analysis of the crankshaft end face machining center, the natural frequency and vibration mode of the machine tool are obtained, and the harmonic response analysis is carried out to study the weak link of the dynamic performance of the machine tool, and to improve and optimize the machine tool. The feasibility of optimization is verified by analyzing static and dynamic characteristics and comparing before and after optimization after reasonable optimization. The purpose of improving the dynamic performance of components and saving materials is achieved. In this paper, the machining center structure of horizontal crankshaft face is designed. The machine bed is designed with a positive T type integral type, and the spindle box is driven by non-gravity center and matched with asymmetric column, which makes the overall structure of the machine tool compact. It is of great significance to improve the dynamic performance of machine tools. The mechanical structure of the machining center is not related to the electrical apparatus and control system of the machine tool, so it is necessary to consider the subsequent selection and installation. In this paper, the analysis and research of machining center is completed in the computer environment, no corresponding physical prototype is tested, so it is necessary to further improve the prototype according to the actual situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG659

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