【摘要】：重載十字軸式萬向節(jié)是軋鋼機主傳動系統(tǒng)中的關鍵部件,通常也是其薄弱部件。重載十字軸式萬向節(jié)的失效會導致整個主傳動系統(tǒng)的破壞,進而導致整個軋鋼生產(chǎn)線的停頓,造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。因此通過建立重載十字軸式萬向節(jié)的正向設計理論體系,提高其設計壽命及可靠性具有重要意義。本文在對十字軸式萬向節(jié)進行運動學分析、動力學分析、結構分析的基礎上建立了以避免運動干涉為前提的等強度正向設計理論體系。主要研究內容及成果如下：(1)采用空間投影幾何法,建立了雙十字軸式萬向節(jié)的運動方程,并分析了相位角、軸間夾角對瞬時轉角差、瞬時轉速差的影響以及轉動起始位置對轉角差的影響,為分析雙十字軸式萬向節(jié)的彈性變形、間隙及制造公差對十字軸式萬向節(jié)運動特性的影響提供了理論依據(jù)。采用空間投影幾何法及坐標變換法建立了十字軸式萬向節(jié)中軸承的運動方程,分析了軸承的運動特性,并證明：主動叉頭的軸承的運動特性與從動叉頭的軸承運動特性不同,為分析、設計十字軸式萬向節(jié)的軸承提供了依據(jù)。(2)建立了軋鋼機主傳動系統(tǒng)的扭轉振動方程,提出了使用系數(shù)KA的概念,并給出了KA的計算方法。采用柔度影響系數(shù)法建立了主傳動系統(tǒng)的彎曲振動模型,分析了質量偏心及十字軸式萬向節(jié)的附加彎矩對彎曲振動的影響,并進一步分析了在咬鋼和拋鋼階段存在的彎扭耦合振動現(xiàn)象。通過對十字軸式萬向節(jié)的彎曲振動分析,提出了派生載荷系數(shù)KB,并給出了計算方法。采用面向對象的建模法UML建立了軋鋼機主傳動系統(tǒng)的動力學分析軟件的模型,建立了VB.NET和ATLAB之間的混合編程技術,并利用該技術提出該軟件平臺的快速搭建技術。(4)通過對局部應力集中系數(shù)與局部曲率之間關系的分析,提出了應力二次分散方法,用于設計應力集中系數(shù)更小的變曲率過渡圓角。采用應力二次分散方法設計了十字軸軸根的變曲率過渡圓角,并利用有限元法驗證了變曲率過渡曲線的有效性。此外,采用復合形法編寫了設計最優(yōu)的十字軸軸根的雙曲率過渡圓角的程序。(5)通過對十字軸式萬向節(jié)失效形式的分析,確定了十字軸式萬向節(jié)的設計準則。通過對主機、負荷進行綜合分析,確定了重載十字軸式萬向節(jié)的載荷系數(shù)的確定方法。在考慮叉頭及十字軸具體結構的前提下,建立了以避免運動干涉為前提,并滿足強度要求的重載十字軸式萬向節(jié)的正向設計理論。
[Abstract]:Heavy-load cross-shaft universal joint is the key component in the main transmission system of rolling mill. The failure of the overloaded cross shaft universal joint will lead to the destruction of the whole main transmission system, which will lead to the standstill of the whole rolling line and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the design life and reliability by establishing the forward design theory system of heavy-duty cross universal joint. On the basis of kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis and structural analysis of the cross shaft universal joint, a forward design system of equal strength is established on the premise of avoiding motion interference. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the motion equation of double cross universal joint is established by using the space projection geometry method, and the phase angle, the difference of the angle between the axes and the instantaneous rotation angle are analyzed. The influence of the instantaneous rotational speed difference and the initial position of rotation on the rotation angle difference provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of the elastic deformation of the double cross universal joint, the influence of the clearance and the manufacturing tolerance on the motion characteristics of the cross shaft universal joint. The motion equation of the bearing in the cross shaft universal joint is established by using the space projection geometry method and the coordinate transformation method. The motion characteristics of the bearing are analyzed, and it is proved that the motion characteristic of the active fork head bearing is different from that of the driven fork head bearing. For analysis, the design of bearing of cross shaft universal joint is provided. (2) the torsional vibration equation of main transmission system of rolling mill is established, the concept of using coefficient KA is put forward, and the calculation method of KA is given. The flexural vibration model of the main transmission system is established by the flexibility influence coefficient method. The influence of mass eccentricity and the additional bending moment of the cross shaft universal joint on the bending vibration is analyzed. The coupled bending-torsional vibration in the steel biting and throwing stage is further analyzed. Based on the analysis of the bending vibration of the cross shaft universal joint, the derived load coefficient KB, is proposed and the calculation method is given. The dynamic analysis software model of the main transmission system of rolling mill is established by using the object-oriented modeling method UML, and the mixed programming technology between VB.NET and ATLAB is established. By using this technique, the rapid construction of the software platform is proposed. (4) based on the analysis of the relationship between local stress concentration factor and local curvature, a stress quadratic dispersion method is proposed. Used to design transition corners of variable curvature with lower stress concentration factor. Using the stress quadratic dispersion method, the variable curvature transition circular angle of the root of the cross axis is designed, and the validity of the variable curvature transition curve is verified by the finite element method. In addition, the program for designing the optimal double curvature transition angle of the cross shaft root is compiled by using the complex method. (5) by analyzing the failure form of the cross shaft universal joint, the design criteria of the cross shaft universal joint are determined. Through the comprehensive analysis of the main engine and load, the method of determining the load coefficient of the heavy-load cross shaft universal joint is determined. On the premise of considering the concrete structure of fork head and cross shaft, the forward design theory of heavy-duty cross universal joint is established, which is based on avoiding the interference of motion and meeting the requirement of strength.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TG333;TH133.4

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