本文選題：微小型機(jī)床 + UMAC�。� 參考：《長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：微小型產(chǎn)品在生物工程、現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療、微電子工業(yè)、航空航天等高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的需求日益迫切。組成微小型產(chǎn)品的的零件特征尺寸處于中間尺度(0.01~10mm),其結(jié)構(gòu)形狀復(fù)雜、材料多樣、尺寸與表面質(zhì)量精度高,利用基于半導(dǎo)體制造工藝集成激光刻蝕技術(shù)、LIGA技術(shù)的特種加工方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行加工無法滿足復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)形狀以及多種材料的加工,而采用常規(guī)尺寸精密、超精密機(jī)床進(jìn)行加工存在成本高、工件材料利用率低、柔性不足、加工效率低等問題。機(jī)床的微小型化成為解決上述問題與不足的行之有效主要方法之一。本文針對(duì)復(fù)雜三維微小零件的加工,首先制定了所要構(gòu)建機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)要求以及總體構(gòu)建方案。在此基礎(chǔ)上,完成了機(jī)床各部件的選型和機(jī)床實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)的搭建。對(duì)機(jī)床床身實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分析得到了其動(dòng)態(tài)特性,為后續(xù)力學(xué)特性的分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。利用多普勒激光測(cè)振儀在極端加工條件下對(duì)機(jī)床的實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了所構(gòu)建機(jī)床實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。在完成機(jī)床實(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)建的基礎(chǔ)上,為實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)床的加工功能,基于UMAC運(yùn)動(dòng)控制器完成機(jī)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建。然后,為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制性能,對(duì)各進(jìn)給軸運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)特性進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)閉環(huán)PID控制參數(shù)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,達(dá)到了較為理想的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制效果。最后,為便于機(jī)床加工操作,基于UMAC的二次開發(fā)功能,利用Visual C#軟件開發(fā)平臺(tái)開發(fā)了模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)軟件,并進(jìn)行了運(yùn)行測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了其工作性能。為實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜三維微小零件數(shù)控加工程序的自動(dòng)編制以及提高機(jī)床的加工精度,首先對(duì)所構(gòu)建的機(jī)床進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,得出刀位點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)由工件坐標(biāo)系到機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,為數(shù)控加工程序的后置處理提供理論基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),分析了機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差對(duì)加工精度的影響,并對(duì)機(jī)床各進(jìn)給軸定位誤差進(jìn)行了測(cè)量和補(bǔ)償,大幅度提升了機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)定位精度。使用MATLAB M文件編寫了數(shù)控加工程序后置處理模塊,通過與NX UG8.5的聯(lián)合使用實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜三維零件的自動(dòng)數(shù)控編程。為驗(yàn)證數(shù)控加工程序的正確性,保證機(jī)床在加工過程中的安全,在VERICUT中構(gòu)建了機(jī)床的加工仿真模型。最后通過典型樣件的加工測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了所研制機(jī)床的加工性能。
[Abstract]:The demand of micro-products in biotechnology, modern medical treatment, micro-electronics industry, aerospace and other high-tech fields is increasingly urgent. The characteristic dimensions of the parts that make up the micro products are in the mesoscale scale of 0.01m / 10mm / m, with complex structure, various materials and high precision in size and surface quality. The special machining method based on semiconductor manufacturing technology integrated laser etching technology and Liga technology can not meet the complex structure shape and many kinds of materials processing, but adopts the conventional size precision. Ultra-precision machine tools have some problems such as high cost, low utilization ratio of workpiece materials, low flexibility and low machining efficiency. The miniaturization of machine tools is one of the most effective methods to solve the above problems. In this paper, the design requirements and the overall construction scheme of the machine tool to be constructed are first formulated for the machining of complex three-dimensional micro-parts. On this basis, the selection of machine parts and the structure of machine tools are completed. The dynamic characteristics of the machine bed solid structure are obtained by the experimental modal analysis, which lays a foundation for the subsequent analysis of the mechanical properties. The vibration test of the solid structure of the machine tool is carried out under extreme machining conditions by using the Doppler laser vibration measuring instrument, and the stability of the solid structure of the machine tool is verified. In order to realize the machining function of the machine tool, the NC system is constructed based on the UMAC motion controller on the basis of the construction of the machine tool entity structure. Then, in order to further optimize the motion control performance of the NC system, the response characteristics of each feed shaft motion control system are analyzed, and the closed-loop pid control parameters are adjusted to achieve a more ideal motion control effect. Finally, in order to facilitate the machining operation of machine tools, based on the secondary development function of UMAC, the modular CNC system software is developed by using Visual C # software development platform, and the running test is carried out to verify its working performance. In order to realize the automatic programming of NC machining program for complex 3D micro parts and to improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool, the kinematics analysis of the machine tool is carried out, and the transformation relationship of the tool position coordinate from the workpiece coordinate system to the machine tool coordinate system is obtained. It provides a theoretical basis for post-processing of NC machining program. At the same time, the influence of machine tool motion error on machining accuracy is analyzed, and the positioning error of each feed axis of machine tool is measured and compensated, which greatly improves the machine tool motion positioning accuracy. The post-processing module of NC machining program is programmed with MATLAB M file, and the automatic NC programming of complex 3D parts is realized by the use of NX UG8.5. In order to verify the correctness of the NC machining program and ensure the safety of the machine tool in the process of machining, the machining simulation model of the machine tool is constructed in Vericut. Finally, the machining performance of the developed machine tool is verified by the processing test of typical sample parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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本文編號(hào)：2036064