發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 05:25

  本文選題：激光表面強(qiáng)化 + 45號(hào)鋼�。� 參考：《鋼鐵研究總院》2015年博士后論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展,當(dāng)代激光加工已由一種特殊用途的加工技術(shù)發(fā)展成為較為通用的、具有多種用途的加工技術(shù),激光表面強(qiáng)化是其中一種重要的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。研究先進(jìn)激光表面強(qiáng)化處理技術(shù),開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)化處理方法及工藝,有助于提高產(chǎn)品構(gòu)件性能,延長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)品壽命周期,拓展技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,提升產(chǎn)業(yè)制造水平。論文通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬方法研究了激光表面強(qiáng)化處理的溫度場(chǎng)；研究了45號(hào)鋼和Cr5鋼的激光熔凝和激光熔覆強(qiáng)化處理工藝,進(jìn)行了相關(guān)組織和性能分析；結(jié)合廚刀及液壓支架立柱兩個(gè)實(shí)際產(chǎn)品,開(kāi)展了激光熔覆強(qiáng)化處理工藝研究。研究表明：激光表面強(qiáng)化處理是一個(gè)劇烈的非平衡熱作用過(guò)程,升溫速度極快,瞬間可達(dá)到氣化溫度,高溫停留時(shí)間短,t8/5冷卻時(shí)間很短；相比而言升溫速度要快于降溫速度。合理的選擇激光強(qiáng)化處理工藝,對(duì)鋼材表面性能改善具有明顯作用：?jiǎn)蔚兰す馊勰?45號(hào)鋼熔凝強(qiáng)化表面硬度可達(dá)到HV750,Cr5鋼可達(dá)到HV800左右,硬化層深度可達(dá)到lmm以上；多道激光熔凝強(qiáng)化處理中,后道激光熔凝處理對(duì)前道激光熔凝處理存在回火熱作用,這種作用在45號(hào)鋼中表現(xiàn)得相對(duì)明顯,Cr5鋼熔凝層則具有相對(duì)更好的熱穩(wěn)定性；通過(guò)激光熔凝,45號(hào)鋼的耐磨性能相比基體提高了0.5倍,而Cr5鋼則提高近10倍,在兼顧熔凝層性能及生產(chǎn)效率的同時(shí),熔凝掃描間距(搭接率)具有相對(duì)最佳值。通過(guò)對(duì)45號(hào)鋼及Cr5鋼表面激光熔覆Ni60材料,可以形成熔覆層、過(guò)渡層及基體三個(gè)明顯的區(qū)域。其中45號(hào)鋼熔覆層的顯微硬度平均可達(dá)到HV 800,摩擦磨損性能相比基體提高了近4倍；Cr5鋼熔覆層的顯微硬度平均可達(dá)到HV 850,摩擦磨損性能相比基體提高了近10倍,Cr鋼激光表面強(qiáng)化處理所具有的高耐磨性及熱穩(wěn)定性具有一定的工程意義。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于廚刀刀刃及液壓支架立柱兩種實(shí)際產(chǎn)品的激光表面熔覆強(qiáng)化,并進(jìn)行了初步實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,獲得了較好的熔覆效果,為后期項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)及有關(guān)基地建設(shè)提供了基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern laser technology, modern laser processing has been developed from a special purpose processing technology to a more general and multi-purpose processing technology. Laser surface strengthening is one of the important technical fields. The research on advanced laser surface strengthening treatment technology and the development of strengthening treatment method and technology will help to improve the performance of product components, prolong the life cycle of products, expand the application field of technology and improve the manufacturing level of industry. In this paper, the temperature field of laser surface strengthening treatment is studied by numerical simulation, the laser cladding solidification and laser cladding hardening process of 45 steel and Cr5 steel are studied, and the structure and properties of 45 steel and Cr5 steel are analyzed. Combined with two practical products, kitchen knife and hydraulic support column, the laser cladding strengthening process was studied. The results show that laser surface strengthening is a severe non-equilibrium thermal process, the heating rate is very fast, the instantaneous gasification temperature can be reached, the high temperature residence time is short and the cooling time is very short, compared with the cooling rate, the heating rate is faster than the cooling rate. The reasonable selection of laser hardening treatment technology has obvious effect on improving the surface properties of steel: in single pass laser melting, the surface hardness of 45 steel can reach HV800 and the depth of hardened layer can reach lmm; In the multi-channel laser solidification strengthening treatment, the back channel laser melting treatment has the function of reheating the former channel laser melting treatment, and this effect is relatively obvious in 45 steel, and the solidification layer of Cr5 steel has relatively better thermal stability. By laser melting, the wear resistance of 45 steel is 0.5 times higher than that of matrix, while that of Cr5 steel is about 10 times higher than that of substrate. The relative optimum value of fusion scanning distance (lap ratio) is obtained by taking into account the properties and production efficiency of melting layer at the same time. By laser cladding Ni60 material on 45 steel and Cr5 steel, three obvious areas of cladding layer, transition layer and substrate can be formed. The average microhardness of 45 steel cladding layer can reach HV800, the friction and wear properties of Cr5 steel cladding coating are nearly 4 times higher than that of substrate, the average microhardness of Cr5 cladding layer is HV850, and the friction and wear properties of Cr5 cladding coating is about 10 times higher than that of substrate. The high wear resistance and thermal stability of laser surface strengthening treatment of steel have certain engineering significance. The results are applied to the laser surface cladding strengthening of kitchen knife blade and hydraulic support column, and a preliminary experimental study has been carried out, and a good cladding effect has been obtained. It provides basic experimental data and technical support for later project development and related base construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鋼鐵研究總院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士后
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.4

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