本文關(guān)鍵詞： 計(jì)算機(jī)射線(xiàn)照相 黑度 靈敏度 檢測(cè)工藝　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了保證核設(shè)施的質(zhì)量和安全,核電站施工中各部件的制造、安裝、役前和在役檢查各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)均離不開(kāi)射線(xiàn)檢驗(yàn)。焊接是建造核設(shè)施的重要施工方法,焊接接頭的質(zhì)量對(duì)核設(shè)施的建造和安裝的質(zhì)量和可靠性有重要影響。在現(xiàn)在的核電建造過(guò)程中,主要采用傳統(tǒng)的射線(xiàn)照相檢驗(yàn)作為檢驗(yàn)焊接質(zhì)量的方法。計(jì)算機(jī)射線(xiàn)照相(CR)技術(shù)是一種射線(xiàn)透照影像的數(shù)字采集技術(shù),是近年正在迅速發(fā)展的數(shù)字射線(xiàn)照相技術(shù)中一種新的非膠片射線(xiàn)照相技術(shù)。與常規(guī)射線(xiàn)照相檢測(cè)技術(shù)相比較,CR技術(shù)采用能夠存儲(chǔ)影像信息的熒光成像板(IP)代替膠片,實(shí)現(xiàn)了射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)圖像的數(shù)字化,體現(xiàn)了數(shù)字射線(xiàn)照相檢測(cè)的鮮明特點(diǎn)。本文以核電建造期間射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用為前提,研究使用Ir192(銥)放射源的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)技術(shù)在核電建造檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用可行性。黑度是射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)中尤為重要的參數(shù),在數(shù)字底片影像中以圖像灰階值替代了傳統(tǒng)的黑度。本文通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)用的驗(yàn)證試塊,確定了數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)中底的片最佳“黑度”范圍,為后續(xù)試驗(yàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。靈敏度是評(píng)價(jià)射線(xiàn)照相影像質(zhì)量的最重要技術(shù)指標(biāo)。為了確定CR技術(shù)各參數(shù)對(duì)靈敏度的影響,本文分別從曝光量、掃描精度參數(shù)和光電倍增管強(qiáng)度三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出了以上參數(shù)的最佳取值范圍,為制定數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢驗(yàn)工藝提供了依據(jù)。最后在制定了數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)工藝的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇缺陷試塊,使用同位素放射源對(duì)其分別進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)射線(xiàn)和數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢測(cè),將檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得出了以同位素放射源的數(shù)字射線(xiàn)技術(shù)的可行性,確定數(shù)字射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)技術(shù)能滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)有核電檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為后續(xù)開(kāi)展數(shù)字射線(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the quality and safety of nuclear facilities, the manufacture, installation, pre-service and in-service inspection of various components in nuclear power plant construction can not be separated from X-ray inspection. Welding is an important construction method for the construction of nuclear facilities. The quality of welded joints has an important impact on the quality and reliability of the construction and installation of nuclear facilities. The traditional radiographic inspection is mainly used as the method to test the welding quality. The computer radiography (CRT) technique is a digital acquisition technique for radiographic images. It is a new non-film radiography technology, which is developing rapidly in recent years. It is compared with conventional radiography technology. The CR technology uses the fluorescence imaging board IPs which can store the image information instead of the film to realize the digitization of the radiographic inspection image. This paper is based on the practical application of radiography during the construction of nuclear power. This paper studies the feasibility of the application of computer digital ray detection technology using Ir1922 (iridium) radioactive sources in nuclear power construction testing. Blackness is a particularly important parameter in radiographic testing. The traditional blackness is replaced by the gray scale in the digital negative image. In this paper, the best "blackness" range of the digital radiographic detection is determined by designing a special verification test block. The sensitivity is the most important technical index to evaluate the radiographic image quality. In order to determine the influence of CR parameters on the sensitivity, this paper starts from the exposure. The scanning precision parameters and the intensity of photomultiplier tubes are studied experimentally, and the optimum range of the above parameters is obtained by experiments. Finally, on the basis of the development of the digital ray inspection technology, the defect sample is selected, and the traditional and digital ray detection is carried out by using the isotope radioactive source, respectively. By comparing and analyzing the test results, the feasibility of digital ray technology based on isotopic radiation source is obtained, and it is determined that the digital ray detection technology can meet the existing nuclear power detection standard. It provides the basis for the field application of the digital ray system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG115.28

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