【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,城市規(guī)模的不斷擴大,交通車輛的不斷增加,產(chǎn)生了許多問題,諸如交通堵塞、交通事故頻發(fā)、尾氣排放、環(huán)境惡化等。尤其是當交通事故發(fā)生之后,會加劇交通擁擠與堵塞。此時,應急救援的效率顯得十分重要,若救援不及時,會導致交通大擁堵甚至交通癱瘓,也會導致二次交通事故發(fā)生率,造成更大的人員傷害與經(jīng)濟損失。影響救援效率的最直接因素就是救援時間,應急車輛行程時間直接決定了救援時間的快慢,而在多起交通事故同時發(fā)生時,交通資源的調(diào)配往往對交通救援的效率起著直接決定的作用。本文的主要研究工作如下： 1)首先介紹了國內(nèi)外應急體系,應急救援路徑規(guī)劃研究現(xiàn)狀,應急救援的相關(guān)流程以及廣州市道路交通車輛應急救援流程,城市交通事故分類及應急資源調(diào)度等基本理論。 2)針對應急救援車輛行駛特點,根據(jù)車流量、道路等級、中間隔離帶、交叉路口紅綠燈時間等因素,將應急車輛行程時間劃分為路段行程時間和交叉路口通行時間兩部分進行考慮,以此建立應急車輛行程時間模型。 3)對于同時發(fā)生多起交通事故情形下,從多個應急點分別調(diào)派應急車輛到達交通事故點的問題,建立應急救援車輛的多目標調(diào)度模型。應急車輛調(diào)度考慮整體救援時間最短,故建立行程時間最小的多目標調(diào)度模型,確定最優(yōu)救援方案以滿足救援實際需求。 本文以廣州市天河區(qū)實際路網(wǎng)為例,選用天河區(qū)49個節(jié)點的路網(wǎng),8個醫(yī)療急救點為應急資源儲備點,模擬同時發(fā)生3起重大交通事故。調(diào)研事故發(fā)生時路網(wǎng)中影響行程時間的關(guān)鍵因素,如交通流量,道路等級,道路長度,各交叉路口紅綠燈控制時間,道路中間有無隔離帶等,通過應急車輛行程時間優(yōu)化模型計算出各應急點到各事故點的最優(yōu)路徑,再根據(jù)基于行程時間估計的多目標調(diào)度模型,確定出各應急點派出應急車輛到各交通事故點具體資源量,驗證了基于時間最小的應急資源調(diào)度救援方案的有效性,可以為相關(guān)應急部門處置人員合理地制定應急車輛調(diào)度方案提供重要參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the expansion of city scale and the increasing of traffic vehicles, there are many problems, such as traffic jams, frequent traffic accidents, exhaust emissions, environmental deterioration and so on. Especially after the traffic accident, it will aggravate the traffic congestion and congestion. At this time, the efficiency of emergency rescue appears to be very important. If the rescue is not timely, it will lead to traffic congestion and even traffic paralysis, also will lead to the incidence of secondary traffic accidents, resulting in greater injury to personnel and economic losses. The most direct factor affecting rescue efficiency is rescue time, the travel time of emergency vehicles directly determines the speed of rescue time, and when many traffic accidents occur at the same time, The allocation of traffic resources often plays a direct role in the efficiency of traffic rescue. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1) the domestic and foreign emergency system, the present situation of emergency rescue path planning, the related process of emergency rescue and the emergency rescue process of road traffic vehicles in Guangzhou are introduced. Urban traffic accident classification and emergency resource scheduling and other basic theories. 2) according to the driving characteristics of emergency rescue vehicles, according to the traffic flow, the road grade, the intermediate isolation zone, the traffic light time at the intersection, and so on, The travel time of emergency vehicle is divided into two parts: road travel time and intersection travel time, and then the travel time model of emergency vehicle is established. 3) in the case of multiple traffic accidents at the same time, the multi-objective scheduling model of emergency rescue vehicles is established for the problem of dispatching emergency vehicles to traffic accident points from several emergency points separately. Emergency vehicle scheduling takes into account the shortest overall rescue time, so a multi-objective scheduling model with minimum travel time is established to determine the optimal rescue scheme to meet the actual rescue needs. This paper takes the actual road network of Tianhe district in Guangzhou as an example, selects 49 nodes of road network in Tianhe district and 8 medical first aid points as emergency resource reserve points, simulates the occurrence of 3 major traffic accidents at the same time. To investigate the key factors that affect the travel time in the road network at the time of the accident, such as traffic flow, road grade, road length, traffic light control time at each intersection, isolation zone in the middle of the road, and so on. The optimal path from each emergency point to each accident point is calculated through the travel time optimization model of emergency vehicles, and then according to the multi-objective scheduling model based on travel time estimation, a multi-objective scheduling model based on travel time estimation is proposed. The specific resources of sending emergency vehicles to each traffic accident point are determined, and the effectiveness of the emergency resource scheduling and rescue scheme based on the minimum time is verified. It can provide important reference for the disposal personnel of the emergency department to make the emergency vehicle dispatching plan reasonably.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U492.22;U491.3

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 袁飛;基于工作流網(wǎng)的交通應急資源配置和路徑規(guī)劃集成問題[D];廣東工業(yè)大學;2015年

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本文編號：2466040