公路隧道聲場數(shù)值分析與試驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-08 12:41
【摘要】：近年來在公路和市政建設(shè)過程中，出現(xiàn)了大量的隧道，隧道能夠大大縮短路線總長度和大大提升道路線形指標(biāo)，降低工程總體造價，減少對自然環(huán)境的破壞。同時公路隧道在運(yùn)營過程中又不可避免地會出現(xiàn)諸如噪音超標(biāo)、洞內(nèi)空氣渾濁、照明黑洞、黑框效應(yīng)、粉塵污染、應(yīng)急救援困難等一系列復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問題。對于噪音污染問題，一方面是在隧道內(nèi)高分貝的噪音環(huán)境中行駛，駕乘人員會產(chǎn)生煩躁、恐懼的心理，導(dǎo)致注意力不集中，嚴(yán)重影響行車的安全性和舒適性。另一方面，隧道內(nèi)在發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸、擁堵等應(yīng)急事件時，此時的隧道聲環(huán)境變得比較惡劣，公共廣播系統(tǒng)或者現(xiàn)場指揮信息難以準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)給被困人員，易使場面失控，造成嚴(yán)重的人身和財產(chǎn)損失。本文采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬等方法針對公路隧道的聲場特性進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究，論文的主要研究工作包括： （1）詳細(xì)介紹了我國公路隧道的發(fā)展趨勢及運(yùn)營狀況，回顧了公路隧道聲環(huán)境的研究現(xiàn)狀，應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)聲學(xué)理論對公路隧道聲場進(jìn)行了初步分析。 （2）基于有限單元法對隧道內(nèi)聲場特性進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析，得出了不同斷面隧道的模態(tài)特征及相應(yīng)頻率，聲場的縱向、橫向聲壓級分布及吸聲系數(shù)對聲場的影響。 （3）分析了公路隧道內(nèi)單聲源聲場的衰變特性，混響時間在橫向和縱向的空間分布特征。 （4）設(shè)計了在線式隧道聲場測量系統(tǒng)，以運(yùn)營中的隧道和足尺模型隧道為研究對象，對聲壓級沿隧道縱向的衰減、頻譜特性、衰變特性等進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)測試和分析，并將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析。 （5）基于（1）、（2）、（3）、（4）的研究成果，對隧道內(nèi)的聲場成分（D/R)以及語音傳輸指數(shù)（STI)進(jìn)行了分析，研究了隧道內(nèi)上述兩個參數(shù)的空間分布特征及內(nèi)在關(guān)系。以提升隧道的聽覺環(huán)境為目標(biāo)，，對隧道內(nèi)有線廣播系統(tǒng)的布置方案進(jìn)行了研究，通過分析不同布置方案，給出了有線廣播系統(tǒng)的最佳布置方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of tunnels have appeared in the process of highway and municipal construction. The tunnels can greatly shorten the total length of the route, greatly enhance the road alignment index, reduce the overall cost of the project, and reduce the damage to the natural environment. At the same time, a series of complicated environmental problems such as noise exceeding the standard, air turbidity inside the tunnel, illumination black hole, black frame effect, dust pollution, emergency rescue difficulty and so on will inevitably appear in the operation of highway tunnel. To the noise pollution problem, on the one hand, driving in the high decibels noise environment in the tunnel, the driver will produce irritability and fear, which will lead to the lack of attention and seriously affect the safety and comfort of the driving. On the other hand, when fire, explosion, congestion and other emergency events occur inside the tunnel, the sound environment of the tunnel becomes worse at this time, and it is difficult for the public broadcasting system or on-the-spot command information to convey accurately to the trapped personnel, so it is easy to cause the scene to get out of control. Cause serious personal and property damage. In this paper, theoretical analysis, field test and numerical simulation are used to study the acoustic field characteristics of highway tunnels. The main research work of this paper includes: (1) the development trend and operation status of highway tunnel in China are introduced in detail, and the research status of acoustic environment of highway tunnel is reviewed. The basic acoustic theory is used to analyze the sound field of highway tunnel. (2) based on the finite element method, the characteristics of the sound field in the tunnel are analyzed numerically, and the modal characteristics and the corresponding frequencies, the longitudinal and transverse sound pressure distribution of the sound field and the influence of the sound absorption coefficient on the sound field are obtained. (3) the decay characteristics of single sound source sound field in highway tunnel and the spatial distribution of reverberation time in transverse and longitudinal directions are analyzed. (4) the sound field measurement system of on-line tunnel is designed. Taking the tunnel in operation and the full-scale model tunnel as the research object, the attenuation of sound pressure level along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the spectrum characteristics and the decay characteristics of the sound pressure level are systematically tested and analyzed. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results. (5) based on the research results of (1), (2), (3), (4), the sound field components (DR) and the speech transmission index (STI) in the tunnel are analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics and internal relations of the above two parameters in the tunnel are studied. In order to improve the hearing environment of the tunnel, the layout scheme of the wired broadcasting system in the tunnel is studied. By analyzing the different layout schemes, the optimal layout scheme of the wired broadcasting system is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U453.82
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of tunnels have appeared in the process of highway and municipal construction. The tunnels can greatly shorten the total length of the route, greatly enhance the road alignment index, reduce the overall cost of the project, and reduce the damage to the natural environment. At the same time, a series of complicated environmental problems such as noise exceeding the standard, air turbidity inside the tunnel, illumination black hole, black frame effect, dust pollution, emergency rescue difficulty and so on will inevitably appear in the operation of highway tunnel. To the noise pollution problem, on the one hand, driving in the high decibels noise environment in the tunnel, the driver will produce irritability and fear, which will lead to the lack of attention and seriously affect the safety and comfort of the driving. On the other hand, when fire, explosion, congestion and other emergency events occur inside the tunnel, the sound environment of the tunnel becomes worse at this time, and it is difficult for the public broadcasting system or on-the-spot command information to convey accurately to the trapped personnel, so it is easy to cause the scene to get out of control. Cause serious personal and property damage. In this paper, theoretical analysis, field test and numerical simulation are used to study the acoustic field characteristics of highway tunnels. The main research work of this paper includes: (1) the development trend and operation status of highway tunnel in China are introduced in detail, and the research status of acoustic environment of highway tunnel is reviewed. The basic acoustic theory is used to analyze the sound field of highway tunnel. (2) based on the finite element method, the characteristics of the sound field in the tunnel are analyzed numerically, and the modal characteristics and the corresponding frequencies, the longitudinal and transverse sound pressure distribution of the sound field and the influence of the sound absorption coefficient on the sound field are obtained. (3) the decay characteristics of single sound source sound field in highway tunnel and the spatial distribution of reverberation time in transverse and longitudinal directions are analyzed. (4) the sound field measurement system of on-line tunnel is designed. Taking the tunnel in operation and the full-scale model tunnel as the research object, the attenuation of sound pressure level along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the spectrum characteristics and the decay characteristics of the sound pressure level are systematically tested and analyzed. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results. (5) based on the research results of (1), (2), (3), (4), the sound field components (DR) and the speech transmission index (STI) in the tunnel are analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics and internal relations of the above two parameters in the tunnel are studied. In order to improve the hearing environment of the tunnel, the layout scheme of the wired broadcasting system in the tunnel is studied. By analyzing the different layout schemes, the optimal layout scheme of the wired broadcasting system is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U453.82
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