【摘要】：我國為摩托車、自行車及電動自行車使用大國，而隨著機動車保有量的增加，汽車與兩輪車事故隨之攀升。據(jù)2012年全國交通事故統(tǒng)計結果表明，涉及汽車與摩托車、自行車、電動自行車的事故占25.62%。由于我國汽車與兩輪車事故的多發(fā)性，導致當事人之間的矛盾增加，其主要問題是事故責任的認定。應用科學準確的事故再現(xiàn)方法對碰撞車速進行鑒定，是事故責任認定的重要內(nèi)容。因此，研究不同事故形態(tài)的事故分析方法，對于提高事故處理水平具有重要意義。 本文制定了23個事故采集項，采集了212起汽車與兩輪車事故數(shù)據(jù)，其主要分布于陜西、河南、江蘇等省份。將事故數(shù)據(jù)編碼處理后，建立了事故數(shù)據(jù)庫。從汽車與自行車、電動自行車事故、汽車與摩托車事故兩大類形態(tài)進行分析，并分別從人、車、路、環(huán)境四個方面分別進行事故特征分析，，結果表明，汽車與摩托車事故最多，占事故總量的51.89%；汽車與自行車事故最少，占事故總量的11.32%。但從傷亡程度來講，汽車與自行車事故最為嚴重，致死率為0.81；其次為汽車與電動自行車事故，致死率為0.55。 從汽車與自行車、電動車事故、汽車與摩托車事故兩方面進行事故分析方法研究。對汽車與自行車事故分析方法的研究，主要分析了制動痕跡法、騎車人及自行車拋距模型、散落物拋距及視頻圖像法的輸入、輸出、誤差及適用性。對制動痕跡事故再現(xiàn)方法分析后，建立了基于模糊控制模型的附著系數(shù)估算方法，結果表明試驗值與計算值相對誤差在4%之內(nèi)。 在對摩托車與汽車碰撞事故分析方法的研究中，分析了再現(xiàn)軌跡模型及基于動量法、變形能量法的事故再現(xiàn)方法。在再現(xiàn)軌跡模型中，主要分析了輪胎模型與車輛動力學模型適用性對軌跡模型的影響，以及不同運動軌跡模型的特點。在基于動量法、變形能量法的事故分析方法中，動量法主要分析了二維碰撞模型與Ishikawa碰撞模型的特點，而變形能量法主要分析了變形能量模型與經(jīng)驗公式法的特點。運用CRASH VIEW軟件對事故案例進行再現(xiàn)研究，詳述了軟件的計算過程。 最后，對能量法、動量法事故再現(xiàn)方法進行不確定性分析。能量法中以汽車等效車速分量作為不確定因子進行不確定度評定，而動量法中以兩車質量、碰撞前兩車速度方向夾角、碰撞后兩車速度方向夾角及碰撞后兩車速度等作為不確定因子進行分析。
[Abstract]:China is a big country using motorcycles, bicycles and electric bicycles. With the increase of the number of motor vehicles, the accidents of cars and two-wheeled cars are rising. According to national traffic accident statistics in 2012, the accidents involving cars and motorcycles, bicycles and electric bicycles accounted for 25.62%. Because of the multiple accidents between automobile and two-wheeled car in our country, the contradiction between the parties increases, and the main problem is the identification of the accident responsibility. The identification of collision speed by scientific and accurate accident reproduction method is an important part of the identification of accident liability. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the accident analysis methods of different accident forms for improving the level of accident treatment. This paper has drawn up 23 accident collection items and collected 212 accident data of automobile and two-wheeled vehicle, which are mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu and other provinces. After the accident data is coded and processed, the accident database is established. The accident characteristics of automobile and bicycle, electric bicycle accident, automobile and motorcycle accident are analyzed respectively from four aspects: human, car, road and environment. The results show that automobile and motorcycle accidents are the most frequent, and the results show that automobile and motorcycle accidents are the most frequent, and the accident characteristics are analyzed from four aspects: human, car, road and environment. Account for 51.89% of the total accident; Car and bicycle accidents were the least, accounting for 11.32% of the total. But in terms of the degree of casualties, automobile and bicycle accidents are the most serious, with the fatality rate of 0.81, followed by the automobile and electric bicycle accidents, with a fatality rate of 0.55. The method of accident analysis is studied from two aspects: automobile and bicycle, electric vehicle, automobile and motorcycle. In this paper, the analysis methods of automobile and bicycle accidents are studied. The input, output, error and applicability of braking trace method, rider and bicycle throw distance model, scatter throw distance and video image method are analyzed. After analyzing the reappearance method of brake trace accident, a method for estimating the adhesion coefficient based on fuzzy control model is established. The results show that the relative error between the test value and the calculated value is less than 4%. In the research of motorcycle-automobile collision accident analysis method, the reconstruction trajectory model and the accident reconstruction method based on the dynamic method and the deformation energy method are analyzed. In the reconstruction trajectory model, the effects of the applicability of tire model and vehicle dynamics model on the trajectory model are analyzed, and the characteristics of different trajectory models are also analyzed. In the accident analysis method based on the dynamic method and the deformation energy method, the momentum method mainly analyzes the characteristics of the two-dimensional collision model and the Ishikawa collision model, while the deformation energy method mainly analyzes the characteristics of the deformation energy model and the empirical formula method. The CRASH VIEW software is used to reproduce the accident case, and the calculation process of the software is described in detail. Finally, the uncertainty analysis of energy method and momentum method is given. In the energy method, the equivalent speed component of the vehicle is used as the uncertainty factor to evaluate the uncertainty, while in the dynamic method, the velocity direction of the two vehicles is included in the mass of two vehicles and the angle of the velocity direction of the two cars before the collision. The angle between the velocity direction of the two vehicles after the collision and the velocity of the two cars after the collision are analyzed as uncertain factors.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.31

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