【摘要】：自改革開放以來，中國的經(jīng)濟取得了突飛猛進的發(fā)展。海外的土木工程項目逐年增加，中國工程設(shè)計人員在國際合作項目中扮演著越來越重要的角色。在這些海外項目中，好多的地方歷史上都是歐美的殖民地，在這些國家和地區(qū)采用的往往是歐美的橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范。因此，作為參與設(shè)計的工程人員，有必要對歐美橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范有所了解。為了了解國際上混凝土橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，找出和我國橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范的異同點，本文基于中國橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范（JTG D62-2004和JTG D60-2004）、美國橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范（AASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Specification2012）和歐洲橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范（EN1991Part2—橋梁交通荷載，，EN1992Part2—混凝土橋梁）開展了部分條款的比較研究工作，主要內(nèi)容如下： 1.簡要介紹了中國、美國、歐洲橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范的發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀。 2.在橋梁設(shè)計基本要求方面，主要對比分析了中美歐橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范中的結(jié)構(gòu)材料（包括混凝土、鋼筋）、極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計的分類和計算方法、荷載及荷載組合（包括車輛荷載、溫度荷載）的相關(guān)規(guī)定。研究表明，對于混凝土強度等級的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中美歐規(guī)范存在較大的差異性；中歐規(guī)范規(guī)定材料強度的設(shè)計值都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值與混凝土材料分項系數(shù)之商，而中國規(guī)范規(guī)定的混凝土的抗壓強度設(shè)計值要略高于歐洲規(guī)范。中國規(guī)范將承載能力極限狀態(tài)分為兩類，歐洲規(guī)范與中國規(guī)范類似，但美國規(guī)范卻分為了四類；中、美兩國規(guī)范都采用了車輛荷載及車道荷載模式，而歐洲規(guī)范中車輛荷載分為了四種模式；對于荷載分項系數(shù)的取值，中國規(guī)范處于較低的水平。 3.對中美歐橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范中在鋼筋混凝土和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件正截面的受彎構(gòu)件、軸心受壓構(gòu)件、偏心受壓構(gòu)件，斜截面的無腹筋構(gòu)件抗剪承載力、斜截面的有腹筋構(gòu)件抗剪承載力的規(guī)定進行了比較分析。同時，針對中美歐橋梁設(shè)計規(guī)范中對先張法預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土受彎構(gòu)件的計算方法利用一個實例進行了對比分析。 4.從中美歐規(guī)范對比中，中美歐汽車荷載效應(yīng)值有很大的不同，最大值有的達到了中國規(guī)范的1.5倍。對于中美歐規(guī)范，隨著跨徑的增大，荷載組合效應(yīng)值的變化趨勢是相同的，并且大多數(shù)都是趨于穩(wěn)定。中國規(guī)范規(guī)定的汽車荷載與橋梁恒載產(chǎn)生的組合效應(yīng)比歐美橋梁規(guī)范整體偏低。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made rapid progress. Overseas civil engineering projects are increasing year by year, and Chinese designers are playing an increasingly important role in international cooperation projects. In these overseas projects, many places in history are European and American colonies, in these countries and regions are often adopted in Europe and the United States bridge design code. Therefore, as engineers involved in the design, it is necessary to understand the European and American bridge design code. In order to understand the development status of the international concrete bridge design code and find out the similarities and differences between the code and the Chinese bridge design code, this paper bases on the Chinese bridge design code (JTG D62-2004 and JTG D60-2004). The American Bridge Design Code (AASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Specification2012) and the European Bridge Design Code (EN1991Part2- Bridge Traffic load, EN1992Part2- concrete Bridge) have carried out some articles of comparative research, the main contents are as follows: 1. This paper briefly introduces the development course and present situation of bridge design code in China, America and Europe. 2. In the basic requirements of bridge design, the structural materials (including concrete, steel bar), the classification and calculation methods of limit state design, the load and load combination (including vehicle load) in the design code of bridges in China, America and Europe are compared and analyzed. Temperature load). The results show that there is a great difference between China and Europe in the classification of concrete strength grade. The design value of material strength stipulated in China-EU code is the quotient of standard value and concrete material component coefficient, while the design value of concrete compressive strength stipulated in Chinese code is slightly higher than that in European code. Chinese codes divide the ultimate state of carrying capacity into two categories. European norms are similar to Chinese norms, but American norms are divided into four categories. In China and the United States, vehicle loads and lane loads are adopted in both codes, while in European codes, vehicle loads are divided into four modes, and the Chinese code is at a lower level for the value of load sub-coefficients. 3. The shear capacity of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete members with normal section, axial compression member, eccentric compression member and oblique section without web reinforcement in the Central American and European Design Code for Bridges are studied. The shear capacity of inclined section with web reinforcement is compared and analyzed. At the same time, the calculation method of pre-Zhang Fa prestressed concrete flexural members in the design code of bridges in China, America and Europe is compared and analyzed with an example. 4. From the comparison between China, America and Europe, there is a great difference in the value of vehicle load effect between China and Europe, and some of the maximum values are 1.5 times of that of China's code. For the code of Central America and Europe, with the increase of span, the variation trend of load combination effect value is the same, and most of them tend to be stable. The combined effect of automobile load and bridge dead load in China is lower than that in Europe and America.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U442.51

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