【摘要】：港口是具有水陸聯(lián)運(yùn)設(shè)備和條件,提供船舶安全進(jìn)出和停泊的運(yùn)輸樞紐。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇,港口的發(fā)展正成為國家經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的重要環(huán)節(jié)。目前,我國港口發(fā)展仍處于利潤理念階段,利潤最大化仍是國家戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的需要。因此,在以利潤最大化為前提下,如何提高港口的服務(wù)能力和管理能力將成為現(xiàn)代港口發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。拖輪作業(yè)是港口生產(chǎn)中的“第一站”,合理的拖輪調(diào)配將節(jié)約港口生產(chǎn)成本,提高港口作業(yè)效率,為港口物流體系發(fā)展提供最有利的保障。 在拖輪實(shí)際作業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,拖輪調(diào)度的優(yōu)化體現(xiàn)在如何節(jié)約生產(chǎn)成本以及提高拖輪的使用效率。然而,生產(chǎn)成本和生產(chǎn)效率是兩個相互矛盾的因素。同一生產(chǎn)任務(wù),如果拖輪馬力小,單位時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)成本低,但拖輪作業(yè)周期長,生產(chǎn)效率低。如果拖輪馬力大,單位時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)成本高,但拖輪作業(yè)周期短,生產(chǎn)效率高。因此,在拖輪作業(yè)調(diào)度過程中,我們不能簡單的考慮生產(chǎn)成本和生產(chǎn)效率兩者之間的反向關(guān)系,而應(yīng)試圖通過深入的研究生產(chǎn)效率與生產(chǎn)成本兩種影響因素的復(fù)雜關(guān)系,來合理的優(yōu)化拖輪作業(yè),找到解決最佳方案。 同時,在拖輪作業(yè)的實(shí)際調(diào)度中,考慮到進(jìn)出港口船舶的船長是隨機(jī)的,并且為靠離泊船舶提供作業(yè)服務(wù)的拖輪數(shù)量和馬力是有相應(yīng)匹配要求的。因此,本文將根據(jù)大連港大窯灣作業(yè)區(qū)域?qū)嶋H情況,結(jié)合大連港輪駁公司拖輪調(diào)度數(shù)據(jù),基于帶有特殊工藝約束的并行多處理任務(wù)調(diào)度理論,以完成作業(yè)效率和完成作業(yè)成本雙目標(biāo)最小化為目標(biāo),對拖輪作業(yè)調(diào)度問題進(jìn)行建模分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計進(jìn)化策略與局部搜索相結(jié)合的混合算法,并對進(jìn)化策略算法的編碼和解碼、重組算子和變異算子進(jìn)行設(shè)計。 混合算法在設(shè)計上滿足了拖輪實(shí)際作業(yè)中的工藝約束條件。在實(shí)際的拖輪作業(yè)過程中,通過對生產(chǎn)效率和生產(chǎn)成本兩個因素的權(quán)重值進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整,可以得到拖輪作業(yè)合理調(diào)度的最優(yōu)解。最后,經(jīng)過最優(yōu)解與仿真計算的結(jié)果比較驗證了混合算法的有效性和實(shí)用性。因此,在實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)中運(yùn)用混合算法優(yōu)化調(diào)度作業(yè),將對拖輪合理調(diào)度具有一定的指導(dǎo)性和應(yīng)用意義。
[Abstract]:Port is a transport hub with land-water transport equipment and conditions to provide safe access and berthing for ships. With the recovery of the global economy, the development of ports is becoming an important link in the rapid development of national economy. At present, the port development of our country is still in the profit idea stage, the profit maximization is still the need of the national strategic development. Therefore, under the premise of profit maximization, how to improve the service and management capacity of the port will become the key to the development of modern port. Tugboat operation is the "first station" in port production. Reasonable tugboat deployment will save port production cost, improve port operation efficiency and provide the most favorable guarantee for the development of port logistics system. In the actual production of tugboat, the optimization of tug scheduling is reflected in how to save production cost and improve the efficiency of tug. However, production cost and production efficiency are two contradictory factors. The same production task, if the tug horsepower is small, the unit time production cost is low, but the tug operation cycle is long, the production efficiency is low. If the tug has high horsepower and high production cost per unit time, the tug has a short working cycle and high production efficiency. Therefore, in the process of tugboat scheduling, we should not simply consider the reverse relationship between production cost and production efficiency, but should try to study the complex relationship between production efficiency and production cost through in-depth study. To reasonably optimize the tug operation, find the best solution. At the same time, in the actual scheduling of tugboat operation, it is considered that the captain of the ship entering and leaving the port is random, and the number and horsepower of the tugboat which provides the service for the off-board ship have corresponding matching requirements. Therefore, according to the actual situation of Dayaowan operation area of Dalian Port and combined with the tugboat scheduling data of Dalian Port barge Company, this paper will base on the theory of parallel multi-processing task scheduling with special process constraints. Aiming at minimization of completion efficiency and cost, a modeling and analysis of tugboat scheduling problem was carried out. On this basis, a hybrid algorithm combining evolutionary strategy and local search is designed, and the encoding and decoding of evolutionary strategy algorithm, recombination operator and mutation operator are designed. The hybrid algorithm meets the process constraints in the actual operation of the tug. In the course of actual tugboat operation, by adjusting the weight values of two factors, production efficiency and production cost, the optimal solution of reasonable scheduling of tug operation can be obtained. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the hybrid algorithm are verified by the comparison of the optimal solution and the simulation results. Therefore, the use of hybrid algorithm to optimize scheduling in actual production will have certain guidance and application significance for the reasonable scheduling of tugboats.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U691.3

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