【摘要】：當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展促使我國城市車輛保有量“井噴”式增長，而道路資源相對有限，使得各個城市出現(xiàn)了不同程度的擁堵現(xiàn)象。交通擁堵導(dǎo)致路網(wǎng)運行效率低下、交通安全等問題，反過來又制約著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展�？梢哉f，城市交通擁堵已成為公認的亟需解決的重大問題，本文將對擁堵的相關(guān)問題進行研究。 首先，對城市交通擁堵的概念進行解釋，并分析了擁堵現(xiàn)象的成因、擁堵評價指標(biāo)及路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)等。 然后，引入元胞傳輸模型，研究由突發(fā)性事件引起的交通擁堵傳播的特性。結(jié)合西安實際路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)（方格式路網(wǎng)），選取以“長安立交—小寨十字路口—緯二街十字路口之間(包括兩十字路口在內(nèi))—吳家墳—電視塔”這一區(qū)域來分析交通擁堵的傳播特性。模擬分析渠化區(qū)長度與停車線寬度的比例對交通擁堵的傳播及消散過程的影響，并總結(jié)出相應(yīng)結(jié)果，為路網(wǎng)渠化區(qū)及停車線寬度設(shè)計提供參考。研究分析事故清除臨界時間與停車線寬度的相互關(guān)系，為突發(fā)性事件的處理提供參考時間域。 最后，提出了基于元胞傳輸模型的信號配時的方法。通過對比分析動態(tài)信號配時和固態(tài)信號配時的優(yōu)缺點，選取動態(tài)信號配時作為擁堵處理的方法。并對其中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)指標(biāo)（如：元胞流出能力、交叉口流量預(yù)測、車輛平均延誤等）的計算進行了討論。根據(jù)西安市小寨十字交叉口的實際情況，，進行了信號優(yōu)化配時的實例分析。并且進一步分析了優(yōu)化信號對車輛平均延誤的影響。結(jié)果表明，信號優(yōu)化能使各個進口的車輛延誤相對均衡，從而充分利用交叉口的空間及時間資源，提高交通運行效率，并最終達到緩解城市交通擁堵的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the amount of vehicles in cities is increasing in the form of blowout, and the road resources are relatively limited, which makes various cities appear different degree of congestion. Traffic congestion leads to low efficiency of road network and traffic safety, which in turn restricts the development of economy. It can be said that urban traffic congestion has become an important problem that needs to be solved. Firstly, the concept of urban traffic congestion is explained, and the causes of congestion, congestion evaluation index and road network structure are analyzed. Then, the cellular transport model is introduced to study the characteristics of traffic congestion propagation caused by sudden events. Combined with the actual network structure of Xi'an (grid network), the area of "Changan Interchange-Xiaozhai Crossroads-Weierjie Crossroads (including two crossroads)-Wu Jia Fen-TV Tower" is selected to analyze the Jiao Jiao Jiao. The propagation characteristics of congestion. The effects of the ratio of the length of the canalized area to the width of the parking line on the propagation and dissipation of traffic congestion are simulated and analyzed, and the corresponding results are summarized, which provide a reference for the design of the road network canalization area and the width of the parking line. The relationship between the critical time of accident clearance and the width of stop line is analyzed to provide a reference time domain for the handling of sudden events. Finally, a method of signal timing based on cellular transmission model is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic signal timing and solid-state signal timing, dynamic signal timing is selected as the method of congestion processing. The calculation of key technical parameters (such as cell outflow capacity, intersections flow prediction, average vehicle delay, etc.) is also discussed. According to the actual situation of Xiaozhai Cross intersection in Xi'an, a case study of optimal signal timing is carried out. Furthermore, the influence of the optimized signal on the average vehicle delay is analyzed. The results show that the signal optimization can make the vehicle delay balance relatively, make full use of the space and time resources of the intersection, improve the traffic efficiency, and finally achieve the purpose of alleviating urban traffic congestion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.265

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