【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)道路里程的延伸和汽車(chē)使用量的增加,交通事故發(fā)生率始終居高不下。與交叉口有關(guān)的事故占總事故數(shù)量的一半以上,不安全行為作為引發(fā)事故的直接原因受到了人們的重視。交通環(huán)境是影響人行為的因素之一,有誘導(dǎo)人行為的作用。因此,有必要對(duì)平面交叉口交通環(huán)境對(duì)人的不安全行為的影響進(jìn)行研究,以分析其成因和規(guī)律。 本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果進(jìn)行分析與總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)平面交叉口人的不安全行為進(jìn)行了研究。經(jīng)實(shí)地觀測(cè),將交通不安全行為從時(shí)間和空間上進(jìn)行劃分,并給出了時(shí)間不安全行為和空間不安全行為的概念,對(duì)二者的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了解釋�？偨Y(jié)了交通參與者的不安全行為心理特性和行為表現(xiàn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)三類(lèi)交通參與者所共有的不安全心理有僥幸心理、從眾心理、求快心理、經(jīng)驗(yàn)心理和畏懼心理。 采用錄像調(diào)查法獲取了四個(gè)平面交叉口的不安全行為數(shù)據(jù),在此基礎(chǔ)上分別對(duì)三類(lèi)交通參與者的行為與交通環(huán)境的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了獨(dú)立性檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示,行人和車(chē)輛的行為都與區(qū)域性交通環(huán)境有關(guān),而非機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)的時(shí)間不安全行為和交叉口進(jìn)口的小區(qū)域環(huán)境無(wú)關(guān)。結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察情況,從交通環(huán)境角度對(duì)人的行為差異進(jìn)行了分析,并對(duì)三類(lèi)交通參與者行為的成因共性進(jìn)行了分析歸納：即交通參與者之間是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與協(xié)同并存的關(guān)系,交通不安全行為的產(chǎn)生是由于在道路資源的分配中個(gè)體交通空間的不合適造成的。 通過(guò)對(duì)淮南市交叉口交通沖突時(shí)間指標(biāo)的統(tǒng)計(jì),得到了淮南市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)交通沖突的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：1.7TTC0.8s時(shí)為一般沖突,0TTC0.7s為嚴(yán)重沖突,當(dāng)TTC1.7s時(shí)的交通事件不構(gòu)成沖突。據(jù)此將數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)并計(jì)算交通沖突率,得出四個(gè)交叉口的安全水平從高到低為：交叉口C平峰、交叉口C高峰、交叉口D平峰、交叉口B平峰、交叉口A平峰。分析沖突原因得知：交通空間的大小仍然是影響交通沖突的重要因素。 就交通環(huán)境和交通參與者兩方面,對(duì)淮南市平面交叉口安全狀況提出了改進(jìn)措施。
[Abstract]:With the extension of road mileage and the increase of vehicle usage, the incidence of traffic accidents remains high. Accidents related to intersections account for more than half of the total number of accidents. Unsafe behavior is regarded as the direct cause of accidents. Traffic environment is one of the factors that influence human behavior and has the function of inducing human behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of traffic environment on human unsafe behavior at intersections in order to analyze its causes and rules. Based on the analysis and summary of the research results at home and abroad, the unsafe behavior of intersections is studied in this paper. Through field observation, traffic unsafe behavior is divided from time and space, and the concepts of time unsafe behavior and spatial unsafe behavior are given, and their connotations are explained. The psychological characteristics and behavior of unsafe behavior of traffic participants are summarized. It is found that there are three kinds of unsafe psychology shared by the three traffic participants: fluke psychology, crowd psychology, fast seeking psychology, experience psychology and fear mentality. The unsafe behavior data of four intersections were obtained by video survey, and the relationship between the behavior of three kinds of traffic participants and traffic environment was tested. The results show that the behavior of pedestrians and vehicles is related to the regional traffic environment, but not to the time unsafe behavior of motor vehicles and the small area environment at the intersection entrance. Based on the field observation, this paper analyzes the difference of human behavior from the point of view of traffic environment, and analyzes the generality of the three kinds of traffic participants' behaviors: that is, the relationship between traffic participants is the coexistence of competition and cooperation. Traffic insecurity is caused by the improper allocation of individual traffic space in the allocation of road resources. Based on the statistics of traffic conflict time index at intersection in Huainan city, it is obtained that the criterion of vehicle traffic conflict in Huainan city is: 1. 7TTC0.8s is a general conflict, 0. 7TTC0.7s is a serious conflict, and when TTC1.7s traffic events do not constitute a conflict. According to the classification of data and the calculation of traffic conflict rate, it is concluded that the safety level of the four intersections from high to low is as follows: C peak at intersection, C peak at intersection, D peak at intersection, B level at intersection and A level at intersection. By analyzing the causes of conflict, we know that the size of traffic space is still an important factor affecting traffic conflict. In terms of traffic environment and traffic participants, this paper puts forward some measures to improve the safety of the intersection in Huainan city.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.23

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