【摘要】：地震是日常生活中破壞力最強(qiáng)的自然災(zāi)害之一,橋梁在地震作用下發(fā)生倒塌的案例屢有發(fā)生，因此對橋梁進(jìn)行抗震設(shè)計(jì)，必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行的，減隔震技術(shù)是近些年來橋梁抗震的新技術(shù)之一，在橋墩和上部結(jié)構(gòu)之間設(shè)置減隔震支座是最常見的橋梁減隔震技術(shù)，，減隔震支座通過延長橋梁的自振周期，避開地震能量集中的范圍，從而降低橋梁受到的地震力。減隔震支座同時也可以利用自身材料的特點(diǎn)耗散橋梁的地震總輸入能，保證橋梁主體結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性。因此對減隔震支座進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究是非常有必要的。本文利用動力時程分析和能量法原理，利用Ansys有限元軟件對三座不同類型的橋梁進(jìn)行建模和動力分析，重點(diǎn)研究減隔震支座對橋梁抗震的影響，包括以下內(nèi)容： 1.總結(jié)橋梁震害的類型和現(xiàn)象，通過橋梁震害得出啟示，介紹幾種新的橋梁抗震技術(shù)，重點(diǎn)介紹其中的橋梁減隔震技術(shù)。 2.介紹了動力時程分析Newmark-β法公式的推導(dǎo)過程和計(jì)算方法，又介紹了能量法的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展過程和基本原理，推導(dǎo)了單自由度和多自由度下的能量法原理基本方程。詳細(xì)說明了能量方程中各部分所代表的能量意義。 3.通過Ansys軟件對三座不同類型的橋梁進(jìn)行建模和動力分析，以能量法原理為理論基礎(chǔ)，對減隔震支座初始參數(shù)設(shè)置優(yōu)化條件，輸入不同的地震波，計(jì)算出在同一座橋梁在不同支座參數(shù)下的地震總輸入能，以使地震總輸入能最小的支座參數(shù)為我們設(shè)計(jì)所需要的最終支座參數(shù)。 4.將已經(jīng)確定的支座參數(shù)作為三座橋梁上應(yīng)用的減隔震支座的參數(shù)，并對非隔震狀態(tài)下的橋梁進(jìn)行建模和動力分析，提取同一座橋梁上典型位置的響應(yīng)，通過對比隔震狀態(tài)下和非隔震狀態(tài)下的響應(yīng)的大小關(guān)系，算出隔震率，以此來比較說明隔震支座對于橋梁抗震的影響。 5.介紹了行波效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因和地震波輸入的兩種計(jì)算方式。通過計(jì)算和分析響應(yīng)結(jié)果，比較兩種計(jì)算方式的對于大跨連續(xù)梁橋抗震計(jì)算的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。最后通過延長地震波的輸入時間來模擬行波效應(yīng)對大跨連續(xù)梁橋進(jìn)行動力分析，提取典型位置的響應(yīng)，通過對比來分析行波效應(yīng)對于大跨連續(xù)梁橋的影響。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is one of the most destructive natural disasters in daily life, and the bridge collapses frequently under the action of earthquake. Therefore, the seismic design of bridges must be strictly carried out. Seismic isolation technology is one of the new seismic techniques in recent years. It is the most common technology to install the isolation support between the pier and the superstructure, which extends the natural vibration period of the bridge. Avoid the range of seismic energy concentration, thus reducing the earthquake force to the bridge. At the same time, the isolation support can dissipate the total seismic input energy of the bridge and ensure the safety of the main structure of the bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to study the isolation bearing. In this paper, the dynamic time-history analysis and energy method are used to model and analyze three different types of bridges by using Ansys finite element software. The influence of the isolation bearing on the seismic resistance of the bridge is studied emphatically, including the following contents: 1. This paper summarizes the types and phenomena of bridge earthquake damage, draws inspiration from bridge earthquake damage, introduces several new bridge seismic techniques, and focuses on the bridge seismic isolation technology. 2. This paper introduces the derivation process and calculation method of Newmark- 尾 method for dynamic time history analysis, introduces the development process and basic principle of energy method, and deduces the basic equation of energy method principle under single degree of freedom and multiple degrees of freedom. The energy meaning represented by each part of the energy equation is explained in detail. 3. Three different types of bridges are modeled and analyzed by Ansys software. Based on the theory of energy method, the initial parameters of isolation support are optimized and different seismic waves are input. The total seismic input energy of the same bridge under different support parameters is calculated, so that the bearing parameters with the smallest total seismic input energy are the final support parameters that we need to design. The determined support parameters are taken as the parameters of the isolation bearings applied on three bridges, and the model and dynamic analysis of the bridges in non-isolated state are carried out to extract the response of the typical position on the same bridge. The isolation rate is calculated by comparing the response size relationship between the isolated state and the non-isolated state, and the effect of the isolation support on the seismic resistance of the bridge is compared. 5. The cause of traveling wave effect and two calculating methods of seismic wave input are introduced. By calculating and analyzing the response results, the difference and relation between the two calculation methods for seismic calculation of long-span continuous beam bridges are compared. Finally, the dynamic analysis of long-span continuous beam bridge is simulated by prolonging the input time of seismic wave, and the response of typical position is extracted, and the effect of traveling wave effect on long-span continuous beam bridge is analyzed by comparison.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U442.55

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