發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-28 04:30

  本文選題：公路交通安全 + 特殊隧道路段　； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：隧道路段是當(dāng)今我國(guó)山區(qū)高速公路的常態(tài),諸多安全問(wèn)題也隨之而來(lái)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),隧道路段每百米交通事故數(shù)比普通路段要高出2以上。因此,公路隧道路段,尤其是特殊隧道路段的運(yùn)營(yíng)安全問(wèn)題尤為突出。設(shè)計(jì)具有針對(duì)性和有效性的交通標(biāo)志是解決此類(lèi)路段安全問(wèn)題的有效途徑之一。為此,本文采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研等方法針對(duì)公路特殊隧道路段的交通標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)及其有效性評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究成果如下： (1)根據(jù)各自特點(diǎn),將公路特殊隧道路段劃分為長(zhǎng)大隧道路段、連續(xù)隧道群路段、彎曲隧道路段、坡度隧道路段和橋隧相連路段5類(lèi)。確定了各類(lèi)公路特殊隧道路段在運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中的安全問(wèn)題,并提出相應(yīng)解決對(duì)策。 (2)從安全人機(jī)工程學(xué)原理出發(fā),運(yùn)用認(rèn)知理論對(duì)交通標(biāo)志的設(shè)計(jì)要素和設(shè)計(jì)原則進(jìn)行解讀。顏色不宜采用中間色,并需考慮其所表達(dá)的抽象概念,形狀是從辨識(shí)度進(jìn)行考慮的,圖形符號(hào)和文字是從信息量進(jìn)行考慮的,尺寸是從視認(rèn)性進(jìn)行考慮的。規(guī)范性符合“模板說(shuō)”理論,形象性符合“特征說(shuō)”理論,簡(jiǎn)約性符合信息傳遞理論,審美性符合激勵(lì)理論。 (3)以湖南株洲某雙向四車(chē)道高速公路為依托工程,將其劃分為四個(gè)調(diào)研路段。采用未消除危險(xiǎn)率對(duì)各路段的危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行了辨識(shí)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)收集到的17個(gè)標(biāo)志設(shè)施存在前置距離不合理、標(biāo)志遮擋、標(biāo)志設(shè)施間距過(guò)小、標(biāo)志設(shè)施過(guò)少和缺乏道路狀況警告標(biāo)志等典型安全問(wèn)題。 (4)對(duì)公路特殊隧道路段的交通標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究。以流程圖形式提出了規(guī)范化標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)程序。以此為基礎(chǔ),建立了基于駕駛員動(dòng)態(tài)視野和人眼最小分辨率原理的標(biāo)志位置設(shè)置計(jì)算方法,并對(duì)公路特殊隧道路段交通標(biāo)志設(shè)置的前置距離、橫向位置和懸掛高度的合理值進(jìn)行了確定。 (5)從交通標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)的三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)出發(fā),分析了影響公路特殊隧道路段交通標(biāo)志有效性的各種因素,由此建立了標(biāo)志有效性多級(jí)模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)。將其應(yīng)用于依托工程路段,計(jì)算出各交通標(biāo)志的有效性等級(jí),并找出影響其有效性發(fā)揮的因素,為依托工程路段營(yíng)運(yùn)期安全整改提供了有益參考。 (6)從依托工程實(shí)際出發(fā),設(shè)計(jì)了橋隧相連路段和彎曲隧道路段兩種新的警告標(biāo)志,并就其各自在依托工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的合理設(shè)置位置進(jìn)行了確定。
[Abstract]:Abstract : The tunnel section is the normal state of highway in mountainous area of our country , and many safety problems follow . According to statistics , the traffic sign of highway tunnel section , especially the special tunnel section , is more than 2 . Therefore , the design of traffic signs with pertinence and effectiveness is one of the effective ways to solve the safety problem of such road sections .

( 1 ) According to their respective characteristics , the special tunnel section of the highway is divided into five categories : long tunnel section , continuous tunnel group section , curved tunnel section , slope tunnel section and bridge tunnel connecting section 5 . The safety problems in the operation process of special tunnel sections of various highways are determined , and corresponding solutions are proposed .

( 2 ) Based on the principle of safety man - machine engineering , the design factors and design principles of traffic signs are analyzed by using cognitive theory . The color is not suitable for the middle color , and the image symbols and characters are considered from the degree of visibility .

( 3 ) Based on a two - way four - lane expressway in Zhuzhou , Hunan Province , it is divided into four research sections . The risk of each section is identified and analyzed by the uneliminated risk ratio . It is found that the collected 17 signs are unreasonable in front distance , blocked by signs , too small in marking facilities , too little flag facilities and lack of road condition warning signs .

( 4 ) The design of traffic signs for road special tunnel sections is studied . The standard design procedure is put forward in the form of flow chart . Based on this , a method for setting the marker position based on the principle of driver ' s dynamic vision and minimum resolution of human eyes is established , and the reasonable values of the pre - distance , lateral position and suspension height of traffic signs in special tunnel sections of the highway are determined .

( 5 ) Based on the three links of traffic sign design , various factors that affect the validity of traffic signs in special tunnel sections of highway are analyzed , and the multi - level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system is established .

( 6 ) Based on the engineering practice , two new warning signs of bridge - tunnel connecting section and curved tunnel section are designed , and the reasonable setting positions of each of them are determined on the basis of the project site .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.52;U452

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本文編號(hào)：1945301