本文選題：校車 + 四點式兒童安全帶�。� 參考：《湖南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，校車安全問題越來越突出，小學生乘員安全保護逐漸成為校車安全領域研究的重要課題之一。國內大部分校車已經配備了兩點式安全帶，有些校車也裝備了三點式安全帶，但這些形式的安全帶均存在一定的不足：兩點式安全帶缺乏對乘員上半身的約束，校車發(fā)生碰撞時容易使兒童頭部撞擊到前排座椅而對兒童造成重大傷害；由于兒童骨骼發(fā)育不完整，且身高差別較大，佩戴三點式安全帶易勒住兒童的脖子。 針對現有校車安全帶所存在的不足，本文提出了一種與校車座椅匹配的新型校車四點式兒童安全帶。該安全帶適用于3~10歲兒童乘員，操作簡單，佩戴舒適。且該安全帶的長度均可調節(jié)，適合不同身形的兒童乘員使用。該四點式安全帶腰帶裝有自動鎖緊式卷收器，可以有效防止兒童隨意移動身體，并能避免兒童在校車緊急制動時出現“下潛”現象。本文詳細介紹了校車四點式兒童安全帶的結構設計方案和工作原理，并在校外工廠試制了四點式兒童安全帶樣件和與之匹配的小學生校車專用座椅。 對兩點式安全帶和四點式安全帶進行了臺車正面碰撞對比試驗，試驗條件均參照GB24406-2012《專用校車學生座椅系統及其車輛固定件的強度》中的試驗要求。 利用多剛體動力學仿真軟件MADYMO建立了基于6歲兒童假人的兩點式安全帶和校車四點式兒童安全帶的正面碰撞仿真模型，并根據試驗得到的數據對所建的兩組模型進行了有效性驗證。GB24406-2012中規(guī)定的小學生校車座椅間距不小于690mm，而GB24407-2012中要求的小學生校車座椅間距最小為550mm，通過對市場上小學生校車座椅間距的實際考察，發(fā)現座椅間距的尺寸大都集中在540mm~610mm之間。本文在經驗證過的模型中僅改變前后排座椅的間距，，取座椅間距分別為620mm和530mm對模型進行運算，研究兩點式安全帶和校車四點式兒童安全帶對兒童假人的保護機制。并基于校車座椅間距為550mm的實際工況，建立了3歲、6歲、10歲兒童的四點式安全帶仿真模型，探討校車四點式兒童安全帶在正面碰撞中對3~10歲兒童乘員的保護效果，在均滿足國標規(guī)定的損傷標準前提下，校車四點式兒童安全帶對兒童身體運動姿態(tài)的約束顯然可以有效減少二次損傷。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the safety problem of school bus becomes more and more prominent, and the safety protection of primary school passengers has gradually become one of the important research topics in the field of school bus safety. Most school buses in China already have two-point seat belts, and some schools have three-point seat belts. However, these types of seat belts have some shortcomings: the two-point seat belts lack restrictions on the upper body of the occupants. When the school bus collides, it is easy to make the head of the child hit the front seat seat and cause great harm to the child. Because of the incomplete development of the child's skeleton and the great difference in height, it is easy to wear a three-point seat belt to strangle the child's neck. In view of the shortcomings of the existing school bus seat belts, this paper presents a new school bus four point child seat belt which matches the school bus seat seat. The seat belt is suitable for 3-year-old children. It is easy to operate and comfortable to wear. And the length of the seat belt can be adjusted, suitable for different body size of the child occupants. The four-point belt belt is equipped with an automatic locking coiling device, which can effectively prevent children from moving their bodies at will and prevent children from "diving" during emergency braking of the school bus. This paper introduces in detail the structural design and working principle of the four-point seat belt for children on the school bus, and makes a prototype of the four-point seat belt for children in an off-campus factory and a matching special seat for the primary school bus. Two point seat belts and four point seat belts are tested in front of the bench. The test conditions are all in accordance with the test requirements of GB24406-2012 < strength of the Student seat system and its stationary parts of the Special School bus. The frontal impact simulation model of two-point seat belt and four-point seat belt of school bus based on 6-year-old children dummy was established by using multi-rigid body dynamics simulation software MADYMO. According to the data obtained from the experiment, the validity of the two groups of models is verified. GB24406-2012 stipulates that the spacing of primary school bus seats is not less than 690mm, while the minimum distance of primary school bus seats required in GB24407-2012 is 550mm. The actual investigation of the distance between the seats of the students' bus, It is found that the size of seat spacing is mostly between 540mm~610mm. In this paper, the distance between front and rear seats is changed only in the verified model. The model is calculated by 620mm and 530mm, and the protective mechanism of two-point seat belt and four-point child seat belt on children dummy is studied. Based on the actual condition that the seat spacing of school bus is 550mm, the simulation model of four-point seat belt for children aged 3 to 6 years old and 10 years old is established, and the protective effect of four-point seat belt of school bus on the occupants of children aged 3 or 10 years in frontal impact is discussed. On the premise of meeting the damage standard stipulated by the national standard, the restraint of the four-point seat belt of school bus on the children's body motion posture can obviously reduce the secondary injury effectively.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.61

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