本文選題：城市高架橋 + 爆炸荷載�。� 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,交通系統(tǒng)作為基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的重要組成部分發(fā)展得尤為迅猛。城市高架橋與快速路的大力發(fā)展,大大的提高了交通運輸能力,減輕了城市交通壓力。然而,恐怖襲擊等意外爆炸事故會導(dǎo)致橋梁的損毀。炸彈在橋梁的特殊位置引爆可能會給橋梁整體結(jié)構(gòu)造成巨大破壞,導(dǎo)致城市交通癱瘓,甚至大量人員傷亡與不可估計的經(jīng)濟損失。雖然現(xiàn)階段國內(nèi)外對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗爆的研究已經(jīng)取得了較為豐富的成果,但關(guān)于爆炸荷載下城市高架橋的相關(guān)研究明顯不足。因此,研究城市高架橋的抗爆性能評估與防護措施,為城市橋梁的綜合防護和抗爆設(shè)計提供參考,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文開展的主要研究如下:1、基于數(shù)值模擬提出了爆炸荷載作用下城市高架橋動態(tài)響應(yīng)及其倒塌過程分析方法。首先,分析了城市橋梁爆炸風(fēng)險源并確定了城市高架橋可能遭受的爆炸荷載。然后,基于有限元軟件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立橋梁、炸藥和空氣模型;改變炸藥的位置和重量,得到爆炸荷載作用下橋梁關(guān)鍵部位的Von-Mises應(yīng)力分布、位移響應(yīng)和橋梁的整體破壞形態(tài),并模擬橋梁在爆炸后的損傷及倒塌過程。最后,以3跨1聯(lián)的匝道橋為研究對象,進行具體的計算與分析。2、參考建筑抗爆設(shè)防標(biāo)準(zhǔn),初步建立了城市高架橋抗爆設(shè)防標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。參考城市高架橋的結(jié)構(gòu)特點與抗震設(shè)計的相關(guān)規(guī)定,提出了城市高架橋的抗爆性能評估方法。首先,根據(jù)抗爆設(shè)防烈度和抗爆防護目標(biāo),確定橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的抗爆防護等級;采用風(fēng)險分析的方法確定城市高架橋的爆炸風(fēng)險等級。然后,依據(jù)抗爆防護等級和爆炸風(fēng)險等級,建立城市高架橋的抗爆設(shè)防標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最后,利用數(shù)值模擬方法得到爆炸荷載下橋梁的損傷程度,驗證橋梁是否達到抗爆設(shè)防標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對橋梁的抗爆性能進行評估。3、對于不滿足抗爆性能要求的城市高架橋,提出了適用于城市高架橋的抗爆防護措施�；诔鞘懈呒軜蜃陨斫Y(jié)構(gòu)特點和抗爆防護要求將城市高架橋的抗爆防護措施分為抗爆安全性措施與抗爆構(gòu)造性措施。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the traffic system as an important part of infrastructure development is particularly rapid. The development of urban viaduct and expressway greatly improves the transportation capacity and reduces the pressure of urban traffic. However, accidental explosions such as terrorist attacks can cause damage to bridges. Detonation of a bomb in a special location of a bridge may cause great damage to the overall structure of the bridge, resulting in a traffic paralysis in the city, and even a large number of casualties and incalculable economic losses. Although the research on anti-explosion of building structure has made a lot of achievements at present at home and abroad, the research on urban viaduct under explosion load is obviously insufficient. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the anti-explosion performance evaluation and protection measures of urban viaducts, which can provide a reference for the comprehensive protection and anti-explosion design of urban bridges. The main research work in this paper is as follows: 1. Based on the numerical simulation, the dynamic response of urban viaduct and its collapse process under explosive load are proposed. Firstly, the explosion risk sources of urban bridges are analyzed and the explosion loads of urban viaducts are determined. Then, based on the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the bridge, explosive and air model are established, and the distribution of Von-Mises stress, displacement response and the whole failure pattern of the bridge are obtained by changing the position and weight of the explosive. The damage and collapse process of the bridge after explosion are simulated. Finally, taking the three-span and one-link ramp bridge as the research object, the concrete calculation and analysis .2. and referring to the building anti-explosion protection standard, the anti-explosion fortification standard of the city viaduct is established preliminarily. Referring to the structural characteristics of urban viaducts and the relevant provisions of seismic design, the anti-explosion performance evaluation method of urban viaducts is proposed. Firstly, according to the intensity of anti-explosion fortification and the target of anti-explosion protection, the anti-explosion protection grade of bridge structure is determined, and the explosion risk grade of urban viaduct is determined by the method of risk analysis. Then, according to the anti-explosion protection grade and explosion risk grade, the anti-explosive fortification standard of city viaduct is established. Finally, the damage degree of the bridge under explosion load is obtained by numerical simulation method, and it is verified whether the bridge meets the anti-explosion protection standard, and the anti-explosion performance of the bridge is evaluated by .3. for the urban viaduct which does not meet the requirements of anti-explosion performance, The anti-explosion protection measures suitable for city viaduct are put forward. Based on the structural characteristics of urban viaducts and the requirements of anti-explosion protection, the anti-explosion protection measures of urban viaducts are divided into anti-explosion safety measures and anti-explosive structural measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U447

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