本文選題：分布式光纖 + 火災探測　； 參考：《中國科學技術大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：分布式光纖感溫火災探測系統(tǒng)(Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Fire Detection System,以下簡稱DTS)能在隧道火災發(fā)生初期給出報警響應,對災害應急及時開展、控制火災規(guī)模、減少人員傷亡和財產損失有重大作用,已被廣泛應用于公路隧道火災監(jiān)測中。然而,DTS在公路隧道火災中應用的實驗研究較少,且對于DTS在公路隧道安裝參數(距頂高度、敷設間距)及適用的隧道高度,國內尚未出臺專門的國家級規(guī)范,各地方標準和國外規(guī)范的規(guī)定也不盡相同。因此開展DTS在公路隧道中應用的相關影響因素研究,對于實際應用和推廣具有重大意義。 本文在廣泛調研國內外隧道火災探測技術及DTS應用現狀基礎上,首先介紹了DTS系統(tǒng)測溫原理及結構設計,并對實驗使用的DTS系統(tǒng)的溫度精度、定位精度和響應時間等基礎性指進行測定,表明所采用的DTS系統(tǒng)符合實驗要求,可以開展后續(xù)真實火災實驗。 其次,搭建了30m×7.6m×7.8m全尺寸隧道火災實驗平臺,開展真實火災實驗研究,通過對隧道溫度分布及DTS報警響應情況進行對比分析,得出如下結論： (1)隧道縱向通風時,DTS報警位置較實際火源位置隨風向發(fā)生偏移,報警時間隨著風速增加變長,實際隧道火災探測中需考慮通風對DTS探測位置的偏移影響。 (2)火源功率和位置影響了隧道內的溫度分布,與DTS響應時間均呈正相關關系,小功率火源火災初期溫度、位于車底和地面的火源引起的火災都可能達不到一般定溫型火災報警閾值,火災定溫報警失效,需設置差溫報警對其響應。 (3)光纖安裝距隧道頂部100mm時的溫升速度和報警響應時間較距頂300mm時快,通過各地方規(guī)范的對比,為更有利于火災探測,DTS在公路隧道內實際應用時適宜安裝位置應為距隧道頂部50-100mm。 第三,通過對不同高度(5m、6m、7m、8m、9m、10m、11m、12m)隧道火災發(fā)生發(fā)展過程的FDS數值模擬,對比分析發(fā)現,隨著隧道高度增加,相同距頂安裝高度的DTS報警位置偏移量增大,報警響應時間延長,達到12m高度時,定溫探測報警失效。 最后,采用真實火災實驗和CFD數值模擬相結合的方法,研究結果表明DTS最大敷設間距與隧道高度有直接關系,敷設間距隨著隧道高度增加而減小,并給出了不同高度隧道對應的DTS最大敷設間距建議值。
[Abstract]:The distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Fire Detection system (DTSs) can give alarm response in the early stage of tunnel fire, which plays an important role in developing disaster emergency, controlling fire scale, reducing casualties and property loss.It has been widely used in highway tunnel fire monitoring.However, there are few experimental studies on the application of DTS in highway tunnel fire, and there is no national standard for DTS installation parameters (distance from top height, laying distance) and applicable tunnel height in China.Local standards and foreign norms are not the same.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influencing factors of the application of DTS in highway tunnel.Based on the investigation of tunnel fire detection technology and the application of DTS at home and abroad, this paper first introduces the principle and structure design of DTS system temperature measurement, and the temperature precision of DTS system used in experiment.The measurement of the positioning accuracy and response time shows that the DTS system can meet the requirements of the experiment and can carry out the follow-up real fire experiment.Secondly, the fire experiment platform of 30m 脳 7.6m 脳 7.8m full-scale tunnel is built, and the real fire experimental research is carried out. Through the comparison and analysis of tunnel temperature distribution and DTS alarm response, the conclusions are as follows:1) in longitudinal ventilation of tunnel, the alarm position of DTS is offset with the wind direction, and the alarm time increases with the increase of wind speed. The influence of ventilation on the location of DTS should be considered in the actual tunnel fire detection.(2) the power and position of the fire source affect the temperature distribution in the tunnel, and are positively correlated with the response time of DTS.The fire caused by the fire source located at the bottom of the vehicle and the ground may not reach the general fixed temperature fire alarm threshold, and the fire fixed temperature alarm is invalid, and the differential temperature alarm should be set to respond to the fire alarm.The temperature rise speed and alarm response time of optical fiber installation from the top of the tunnel is faster than that from the top of the tunnel. Through the comparison of the local specifications, the suitable installation position should be 50-100 mm. from the top of the tunnel in order to facilitate the practical application of the 100mm in the highway tunnel.Thirdly, through the FDS numerical simulation of the fire development process of the tunnel fire at different heights (5m / 6m / 7m / 8m / 9m / 10m / 10m / 10m / 11m / 12m), it is found that with the increase of the tunnel height, the offset of the DTS alarm position of the same height from the top of the tunnel increases, and the alarm response time is prolonged.When the height of 12m is reached, the fixed temperature detection and alarm fail.Finally, by combining real fire experiments with CFD numerical simulation, the results show that the maximum laying distance of DTS is directly related to tunnel height, and the laying spacing decreases with the increase of tunnel height.At the same time, the maximum distance between DTS and tunnel with different height is given.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U458

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