高速公路隧道群路段駕駛?cè)艘曈X明暗適應(yīng)變化規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-09 15:39
本文選題：高速公路 切入點(diǎn)：駕駛?cè)?/strong> 出處：《長安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型：學(xué)位論文
【摘要】：近年來我國高速公路隧道數(shù)量及里程急劇增長，山區(qū)隧道群路段隧道密集、間距短，進(jìn)出口光環(huán)境急劇變化，使得駕駛環(huán)境在較短時(shí)間和空間內(nèi)頻繁改變，對(duì)駕駛?cè)说男睦砗蜕碓斐奢^大影響，安全隱患突出。資料顯示，大部分公路隧道交通事故與駕駛?cè)讼嚓P(guān)，，車輛運(yùn)行中駕駛?cè)酥饕恳曈X獲取交通信息，在隧道群路段遭遇的視覺明暗適應(yīng)過程會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響信息的感知過程，造成短暫的視覺“空白”，極易引發(fā)交通事故。 本文在對(duì)高速公路隧道群路段環(huán)境特征調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合對(duì)433起典型公路隧道交通事故的系統(tǒng)歸納，分析特殊路段交通事故時(shí)空分布特征及事故誘因，基于駕駛?cè)艘曈X適應(yīng)理論，確定將瞳孔面積作為駕駛?cè)艘曈X明暗適應(yīng)表征參數(shù)。隨機(jī)選取一定樣本量的駕駛?cè)碎_展道路實(shí)車實(shí)驗(yàn)，利用眼動(dòng)儀記錄駕駛?cè)送酌娣e數(shù)據(jù)，照度計(jì)測(cè)量環(huán)境光照度值，其他設(shè)備記錄相關(guān)參數(shù)。運(yùn)用一元非線性回歸分析，得出隧道環(huán)境光照度E與距隧道進(jìn)出口的距離d之間的冪函數(shù)關(guān)系。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析非隧道路段、隧道群不同區(qū)段之間的瞳孔面積差異性，選定50m為一個(gè)單位，分析獨(dú)立單一隧道進(jìn)出口段駕駛?cè)送酌娣e變化規(guī)律，運(yùn)用數(shù)理建模方法定量分析駕駛?cè)送酌娣eQ隨環(huán)境光照度E的變化規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)ln(Q/E)與ln(E)之間具有線性函數(shù)關(guān)系，構(gòu)建了駕駛?cè)送酌娣e與環(huán)境光照度之間的冪函數(shù)關(guān)系模型，同時(shí)給出瞳孔面積變化速度VQ與車速v、環(huán)境光照度E和距離d之間的關(guān)系模型。 根據(jù)隧道進(jìn)出口內(nèi)外光環(huán)境變化規(guī)律，對(duì)高速公路隧道進(jìn)行“3區(qū)段”劃分。針對(duì)車輛在隧道群路段行駛時(shí)駕駛?cè)私?jīng)歷的光線明暗適應(yīng)交替過程，提出隧道群路段“6小段”劃分方式。分析了包（頭）茂（名）高速西（安）-柞（水）段上行方向典型隧道群路段的駕駛?cè)送酌娣e變化規(guī)律。構(gòu)建表征隧道連接段駕駛?cè)艘曈X負(fù)荷水平大小的瞳孔面積最大差值QM V與隧道連接段長度L f之間的二次曲線模型，從滿足駕駛?cè)隧樳m通過的心理生理要求出發(fā)，提出了改善隧道群特殊路段環(huán)境光照度的建議措施。
[Abstract]:The number of highway tunnel in China and the mileage increase sharply in recent years, the mountain tunnel group section tunnel spacing is short, dense, import and export of rapidly changing light environment, the driving environment change frequently in a short period of time and space, resulting in a greater impact on the driver's psychological and physiological, safety hazards prominent. Data shows, most of highway traffic accidents the tunnel and the driver, vehicle drivers mainly rely on visual traffic information, the tunnel group section suffered visual dark adaptation process will seriously affect the perception of the process of information, resulting in short vision of "blank", easily lead to accidents.
Based on highway tunnel group section environmental characteristics research, combined with the system of 433 typical highway tunnel traffic accident summary, analysis of special traffic accidents in temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and factors driving people visual adaptation based on the theory of determining the pupil area as the driver's visual light dark adaptation parameters. To carry out road vehicle characterization the randomly selected sample of the driver, the driver pupil area data using eye tracker, the illuminance meter measuring the illuminance values in the environment, other devices to record relevant parameters. Using regression analysis, a nonlinear element, the tunnel illumination environment E and the tunnel import and export of the distance d between the power function relationship. Statistical analysis of non the tunnel section, the pupil area between different sections of the tunnel group difference, 50m was selected as a unit, independent analysis of single tunnel entrance pupil driver Area changes, using the quantitative mathematical modeling method to analyze the changes of pupil area with Q driver environment illumination E, ln (Q/E) and ln (E) with linear function, constructs the power function relation model between the driver and the pupil area ambient illumination, and gives the rate of change of the pupil area VQ and V speed, illumination and distance relation model between the D E environment.
According to the tunnel import and export changes of light environment inside and outside the "3 section" division of highway tunnel. According to the vehicle in the road when driving tunnels through the light dark adaptation processes, the tunnel group section "6 small" division. Analysis of the package (head) Mao (name) West (ANN) high speed - oak (water) driver pupil area variation section upstream of the typical tunnel sections of the tunnel construction group. Characterization of connecting section of the driver's visual load level the size of the pupil area maximum difference V and two QM tunnel connecting curve between F length from L model, meet the psychological and physiological requirements of the driver goes on smoothly. And put forward improvement suggestions and measures of tunnel group of special section of ambient illumination.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U459.2;U471.3
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