本文選題：富水弱膠結(jié)砂層　切入點(diǎn)：雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：需要大力發(fā)展交通工程的中國(guó)西北地區(qū)廣泛分布著富水弱膠結(jié)砂層，在這種典型軟巖地層中修建大斷面隧道工程的難度比較大、安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高，嚴(yán)重制約著我國(guó)西北地區(qū)交通工程的發(fā)展。如何在此類(lèi)軟弱圍巖地質(zhì)條件下，安全、高效的修建高質(zhì)量隧道，是當(dāng)前隧道工程界面臨的重要課題之一。 本文依托在建的蘭渝鐵路桃樹(shù)坪隧道工程，研究探討了富水弱膠結(jié)粉細(xì)砂層隧道雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑施工工法及其輔助施工措施等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)；對(duì)隧道施工過(guò)程中的相關(guān)應(yīng)力項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)和分析；采用有限元軟件對(duì)隧道施工過(guò)程進(jìn)行了模擬，研究分析了圍巖變形規(guī)律、支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力分布特征及其變化規(guī)律，并結(jié)合監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果綜合評(píng)價(jià)了現(xiàn)行施工方法、支護(hù)參數(shù)的可行性和支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性。綜合以上內(nèi)容的研究分析，得出了以下主要研究成果： （1）在此類(lèi)特殊富水軟巖地層中修建隧道等地下工程時(shí)，施工技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵在于以降水為前提，超前注漿加固為保障，大斷面劃分成小斷面（雙側(cè)壁工法），快挖、快支、快封閉為組織原則，這樣才能有效的控制圍巖的變形，確保隧道施工安全、高效的推進(jìn)。 （2）通過(guò)對(duì)圍巖壓力、接觸壓力、二襯鋼筋內(nèi)力的監(jiān)測(cè)和分析，可以看出各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的圍巖壓力、接觸壓力以及二襯鋼筋內(nèi)力等均呈現(xiàn)出了不規(guī)律波動(dòng)變化的特性，受各部開(kāi)挖、臨時(shí)支撐的拆除影響較大，出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間波動(dòng)情況，，在監(jiān)測(cè)3到5個(gè)月后都呈現(xiàn)出了收斂趨勢(shì)，基本穩(wěn)定，數(shù)值均在允許范圍之內(nèi)，支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)處于安全狀態(tài)。 （3）通過(guò)對(duì)隧道施工過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析，可以看出在此類(lèi)地層中修建隧道時(shí)，圍巖易被擾動(dòng)，擾動(dòng)范圍大，變形速度快，變形時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，隧道貫通后豎直和水平位移最大值分別為23.6mm和11.2mm；鑒于雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法施工的不對(duì)稱(chēng)性，支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的受力表現(xiàn)出了不對(duì)稱(chēng)性，隧道貫通后初期支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的第1和第3主應(yīng)力最大值分別達(dá)到了1.4MPa和-21.7MPa，支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力處于正常狀態(tài)。 （4）拆除臨時(shí)支撐是雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法施工比較關(guān)鍵的一道工序，在拆除臨時(shí)支撐時(shí)，對(duì)圍巖的位移及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的受力都會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要的影響，圍巖位移和支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力都會(huì)發(fā)生突變，突變值較大；研究斷面的支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力最大突變值達(dá)到了7.4MPa，占到了最大值的37.7%。因此要盡量分段、小范圍、小震動(dòng)拆除，避免對(duì)圍巖造成較大擾動(dòng)，并且要加強(qiáng)該段圍巖量測(cè)頻率，發(fā)現(xiàn)變形過(guò)大時(shí)，盡早采取措施，加強(qiáng)支護(hù)，控制該部位受力狀態(tài)的惡化及變形的擴(kuò)大。
[Abstract]:In northwest China, where traffic engineering needs to be vigorously developed, there are widely water-rich and weak-cemented sand beds. It is difficult to build large section tunnels in this typical soft rock formation, and the safety risks are high. The development of traffic engineering in northwest China is seriously restricted. How to build high quality tunnel safely and efficiently under the geological condition of soft surrounding rock is one of the important problems facing the tunnel engineering field at present. Based on the Taoshuping tunnel project of the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway, this paper discusses the construction method of double-sidewall diversion pit and its auxiliary construction measures for the tunnel with rich water and weak cemented fine sand layer. The related stress items in tunnel construction are monitored and analyzed, the tunnel construction process is simulated by finite element software, the surrounding rock deformation law, the stress distribution characteristics of supporting structure and its variation law are studied and analyzed. Combined with the monitoring results, comprehensive evaluation of the current construction methods, the feasibility of supporting parameters and the safety of the support structure. Based on the above research and analysis, the following main research results are obtained:. 1) in the construction of tunnels and other underground projects in this kind of special water-rich soft rock strata, the key point of construction technology is to take precipitation as the premise and advance grouting reinforcement as the guarantee, and the large sections are divided into small sections (double side wall construction method, quick excavation, quick branch, etc.). Fast closure is the principle of organization so that the deformation of surrounding rock can be controlled effectively and the tunnel construction is safe and efficient. 2) through the monitoring and analysis of surrounding rock pressure, contact pressure and internal force of second lining steel bar, it can be seen that the surrounding rock pressure, contact pressure and internal force of the second lining steel bar all show irregular fluctuation characteristics, and are excavated by each part. The removal of temporary braces has a great influence on the removal of temporary braces and has a long period of fluctuation. After monitoring for 3 to 5 months, the temporary bracing shows a convergent trend, which is basically stable, and the values are all within the allowable range, and the supporting structure is in a safe state. 3) through the numerical simulation analysis of tunnel construction process, it can be seen that the surrounding rock is easily disturbed, the disturbance range is large, the deformation speed is fast, and the deformation time is long when the tunnel is built in this kind of stratum. The maximum values of vertical and horizontal displacement after tunnel opening are 23.6mm and 11.2mm respectively. The maximum of the first and third principal stresses of the primary support structure of the tunnel is up to 1.4 MPA and -21.7 MPA, respectively, and the force of the supporting structure is in the normal state. The removal of temporary bracing is a key procedure in the construction of double-side wall diversion pit method. When the temporary support is removed, it will have an important impact on the displacement of surrounding rock and the force on the supporting structure. The displacement of surrounding rock and the stress of supporting structure will both change, and the catastrophe value will be larger. The maximum abrupt value of stress of supporting structure in the research section has reached 7.4 MPA, accounting for 37.7% of the maximum value. In order to avoid the disturbance to the surrounding rock, and to strengthen the measuring frequency of the surrounding rock, when the deformation is too large, measures should be taken as soon as possible to strengthen the support, to control the deterioration of the stress state and the expansion of the deformation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U455.4

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