本文選題：快速公交　切入點(diǎn)：運(yùn)營(yíng)補(bǔ)貼　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在城市交通問(wèn)題日益惡化的情況下,為了緩解交通擁堵,政府采取了許多辦法使出行方式向公共交通轉(zhuǎn)移,其中建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的大運(yùn)量快速公交系統(tǒng),為緩解日益嚴(yán)重的城市道路交通擁堵?tīng)顩r發(fā)揮了重要的作用。 政府為了提高公共交通出行,采取了一系列的舉措。通過(guò)政府給予補(bǔ)貼的方式支持企業(yè)采取公交低票價(jià)政策吸引乘客;為了提高公交車的運(yùn)行速度,在道路上設(shè)置公交專用車道,并通過(guò)收取擁堵收費(fèi)、提高停車費(fèi)等,提高小汽車的出行成本；為了提高運(yùn)量,快速公交線網(wǎng)增設(shè)支線來(lái)補(bǔ)給主線客流,同時(shí)也可以提高專用道的利用率。隨著應(yīng)用的深入凸顯出許多的問(wèn)題,大眾質(zhì)疑設(shè)立公交專用道會(huì)照成道路資源的浪費(fèi)；企業(yè)為了提高主線的公交運(yùn)量,無(wú)依據(jù)的增開(kāi)許多條支線；公交公司運(yùn)營(yíng)入不敷出、嚴(yán)重虧損,政府進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼沒(méi)有一定依據(jù)�；诖�,論文對(duì)BRT系統(tǒng)的效益問(wèn)題進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)研究。 本文以快速公交系統(tǒng)的效益為研究對(duì)象,首先系統(tǒng)梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外已有研究成果,將快速公交網(wǎng)線運(yùn)營(yíng)效益劃分為直接效益和間接效益兩部分。詳盡的對(duì)快速公交企業(yè)的成本和收益進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析,對(duì)道路設(shè)立公交專用道的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益做了研究,分析了國(guó)外學(xué)者的研究方法,據(jù)此得出計(jì)算公交專用道的模型,以北京京通快速路和昆明北京路前公交專用道為例。隨后根據(jù)前面的理論分析和實(shí)證研究,從通道乘客運(yùn)輸能力的變化和通道總出行時(shí)間變化兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)評(píng)判設(shè)立公交專用道的條件。其次,對(duì)組合式公交線網(wǎng)模式詳盡研究,分析了混合線路的運(yùn)營(yíng)優(yōu)點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了計(jì)算新增線路邊際效益的模型,以鄭州快速公交一期和二期的線網(wǎng)為案例分析對(duì)象,還對(duì)選擇快速公交運(yùn)營(yíng)模式的影響因素加以分析。最后通過(guò)運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)物品屬性理論分析研究了補(bǔ)貼的機(jī)理和補(bǔ)貼的方法,建立模型并給出了案例分析。
[Abstract]:In order to ease traffic congestion, the government has taken a number of measures to shift the mode of travel to public transport in the face of worsening urban traffic problems, including the construction and operation of a mass transit rapid transit system. It plays an important role in alleviating the increasingly serious urban traffic congestion. In order to improve public transportation, the government has taken a series of measures. It has supported enterprises to adopt the policy of low bus fares to attract passengers by way of government subsidies; in order to improve the speed of bus operation, In order to increase the volume of traffic, the bus rapid transit network has added a branch line to supply the main passenger flow by charging congestion charges, increasing parking fees, and so on, to increase the travel cost of cars, and to increase the volume of traffic, the bus rapid transit network has added a branch line to supply the main line of passengers. At the same time, it can also improve the utilization rate of special lanes. With the deepening of the application, many problems have been highlighted, and the public question that the establishment of bus lanes will be a waste of road resources; in order to increase the traffic volume of the main line, There is no basis to open a lot of branch lines without any basis. The operation of public transport company can't make ends meet and the loss is serious. There is no basis for the government to subsidize. Based on this, the paper makes a systematic study on the benefit of BRT system. In this paper, the benefits of bus rapid transit system as the research object, first of all, systematically combing the existing research results at home and abroad. The operation benefit of bus rapid transit network is divided into two parts: direct benefit and indirect benefit. The cost and income of bus rapid transit enterprise are analyzed in detail, and the economic benefit of setting up bus lane is studied. Based on the analysis of the research methods of foreign scholars, the model of calculating bus lanes is obtained, taking Beijing Jingtong Expressway and Kunming Beijing Road as examples, and then according to the above theoretical analysis and empirical research, The conditions of setting up bus lanes are judged by the change of passenger transportation capacity and the change of total travel time. Secondly, the combined bus network mode is studied in detail, and the advantages of hybrid lines are analyzed. A model to calculate the marginal benefit of the new line is constructed, and a case study of the first and second phase of Zhengzhou bus Rapid Transit Network is presented. Finally, the mechanism of subsidy and the method of subsidy are analyzed by using the theory of economic property, and the model is established and the case study is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F572;U491.17

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