發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-26 17:26

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電子不停車(chē)收費(fèi)系統(tǒng) 車(chē)載單元 專(zhuān)用短程通信 電子標(biāo)簽　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電子不停車(chē)收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)（Electronic Toll Collection，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ETC）采用收費(fèi)處理電子化、自動(dòng)化，可以有效解決交通擁堵、噪聲尾氣污染等問(wèn)題，提高高速公路車(chē)輛通行能力和改善用戶(hù)駕車(chē)環(huán)境。車(chē)載單元(On Board Unit，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)OBU)是ETC系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)身份識(shí)別和電子收費(fèi)作用的電子標(biāo)簽。 本論文參與了北京市嵌入式系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室基于RFID應(yīng)用的研發(fā)項(xiàng)目，主要研究RFID應(yīng)用的單芯片和系統(tǒng)解決方案實(shí)現(xiàn)。OBU系統(tǒng)是智能交通領(lǐng)域RFID支付應(yīng)用的重要組成部分。研發(fā)符合我國(guó)電子不停車(chē)收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的高性?xún)r(jià)比電子標(biāo)簽，是推行不停車(chē)收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)使用和降低整個(gè)系統(tǒng)成本的重要力量之一，因此研究符合我國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的電子標(biāo)簽是非常有意義并具有客觀的市場(chǎng)前景。本課題基于ETC系統(tǒng)中車(chē)載單元的研究，以ETC系統(tǒng)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議、技術(shù)要求和工程應(yīng)用技術(shù)規(guī)范為理論基礎(chǔ)，基于高性?xún)r(jià)比、小體積和低功耗的設(shè)計(jì)思想，提出了一款雙片式車(chē)載電子標(biāo)簽的系統(tǒng)解決方案。 系統(tǒng)硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)上，采用集成IC方案和電路模塊化設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)主要功能模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)采用低成本、低功耗、小封裝且高度集成的IC芯片，其中處理器選擇TI公司的MSP430F5514單片機(jī)，高頻部分采用具有低功耗、小封裝特點(diǎn)的SKY1301讀卡器芯片，5.8GHz射頻部分采用業(yè)界集成度最高的ETC射頻芯片ET6602。系統(tǒng)PCB電路板級(jí)實(shí)現(xiàn)采取模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，避免模塊之間的相互干擾，并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)信號(hào)完整性分析。另外，針對(duì)OBU系統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間電池供電的需求，設(shè)計(jì)了一種低功耗方案，降低OBU電池失效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，提高系統(tǒng)供電的穩(wěn)定性與持久性。 系統(tǒng)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)上，根據(jù)OBU系統(tǒng)的工作特點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于中斷服務(wù)程序的主程序軟件系統(tǒng)。主程序采用硬件驅(qū)動(dòng)層、協(xié)議驅(qū)動(dòng)層和應(yīng)用層三層層次化設(shè)計(jì)，并對(duì)應(yīng)用接口進(jìn)行模塊設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)層與層之間應(yīng)用接口的方便調(diào)用。針對(duì)OBU系統(tǒng)安全性應(yīng)用要求，設(shè)計(jì)了軟硬件雙重防拆機(jī)制，并提供實(shí)現(xiàn)防拆卸和恢復(fù)的應(yīng)用接口。 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)后，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室采用ETC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備對(duì)系統(tǒng)功能、射頻性能和整體軟件應(yīng)用進(jìn)行測(cè)試，并對(duì)得到的測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證分析，，測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，設(shè)計(jì)的OBU系統(tǒng)各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均達(dá)到國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電子標(biāo)簽的功能。與同類(lèi)電子標(biāo)簽相比，設(shè)計(jì)方案具有低功耗、高性?xún)r(jià)比的特點(diǎn)，在硬件成本和功耗上具備一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此本文提出的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案對(duì)電子標(biāo)簽的設(shè)計(jì)具有一定參考價(jià)值和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Electronic Toll Collection, an electronic toll collection system, can effectively solve the problems of traffic congestion and noise exhaust pollution by means of electronic charge processing and automation. The vehicular unit on Board Unit (OBU) is an important part of the ETC system, and it is a kind of electronic tag to realize the function of mobile identification and electronic charge. This paper participated in the research and development project of Beijing embedded system Laboratory based on RFID application. This paper mainly studies the realization of single chip and system solution of RFID application. OBU system is an important part of RFID payment application in intelligent transportation field. Is one of the most important forces in the implementation of the non-stop charging system and in reducing the cost of the whole system. Therefore, it is very meaningful and has an objective market prospect to study electronic labels that conform to the standards of our country. Based on the research of on-board unit in ETC system, this paper uses the standard protocol of ETC system. Based on the theory of technical requirements and engineering application specifications, and based on the design ideas of high performance and price ratio, small volume and low power consumption, a system solution of dual-chip on-board electronic label is proposed. The main functional modules of the system are implemented with low cost, low power consumption, small package and highly integrated IC chip, in which TI's MSP430F5514 single chip microcomputer is chosen as the processor. In the high frequency part, the SKY1301 card reader chip with low power consumption and small package is used in the 5.8GHz RF part. The ETC RF chip ET6602, which is the most integrated in the industry, is adopted. The system adopts modularization design at the PCB circuit board level to avoid the mutual interference between the modules. In addition, a low power consumption scheme is designed to reduce the risk of OBU battery failure and improve the stability and durability of power supply for OBU system. In the realization of system software, according to the working characteristics of OBU system, a main program software system based on interrupt service program is designed. The main program adopts three layers: hardware driver layer, protocol driver layer and application layer. The application interface is designed to realize the convenient calling of the application interface between the layers. According to the security application requirement of OBU system, the dual anti-disassembly mechanism of software and hardware is designed, and the application interface to realize anti-disassembly and recovery is provided. After the implementation of the system, ETC standard equipment is used to test the system function, radio frequency performance and the application of the whole software in the laboratory, and the test results are verified and analyzed. The test results show that, All the performance indexes of the designed OBU system meet the requirements of the national standard and realize the function of the electronic tag. Compared with the similar electronic label, the design scheme has the characteristics of low power consumption and high performance-to-price ratio. It has some advantages in hardware cost and power consumption, so the implementation scheme proposed in this paper has certain reference value and significance for the design of electronic tag.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U495

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本文編號(hào)：1539014